Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics > Antenatal Care: Pregnancy Disorders > Flashcards

Antenatal Care: Pregnancy Disorders Flashcards

Gestational Diabetes Anaemia

1
Q

Define gestational diabetes

A

impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common disorder in pregnancy

A

PIH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the second most common disorder in pregnancy

A

GDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 6 RF for gestational diabetes

A 
Asian 
FH
BMI >30
Previous GDM 
Previous macrocosmic baby 
PCOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the majority of women with gestational diabetes present

A

Asymptomatic

May have polyuria and polydipsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain pathophysiology of gestational diabetes

A

During pregnancy insulin resistance increases. Meaning insulin demand increases by 30%. If an individual has a borderline pancreatic reserve, they will be unable to maintain insulin demand and hence experience transient hyperglycaemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain foetal consequences of gestational diabetes

A

Glucose crosses the placenta, but insulin does not. This causes foetal hyperglycaemia. Causing foetus to produce more insulin. When foetus is born hyperinsulinaemia, without high maternal glucose, causes hypoglycaemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the effect of insulin on foetal lungs

A

Decreases pulmonary surfactant production which can lead to transient tachypnoea newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is first-line investigation for GDM

A

OGTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is performed with OGTT

A

Fasting glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What fasting glucose indicates GDM

A

> 5.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What OGTT indicates GDM

A

> 7.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is OGTT offered if previous GDM

A

16W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is OGTT offered if asian, FH or BMI >30

A

28W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is OGTT offered if glycosuria

A

Anytime +2 glucose, offer OGTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 antenatal time periods OGTT offered

A
  1. 16W = previous GDM
  2. 28W = RFs
  3. Anytime glycosuria +2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is first-line management for GDM

A

Lifestyle advice: try for 2W if fasting blood glucose <7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How often should someone with GDM measure their blood glucose

A

Measure QDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is second-line management for GDM

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is metformin offered

A

If no improvement in blood glucose seen by lifestyle advice alone after 2W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is third-line for GDM

A

Glibenclamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is glibenclamide only offered

A

If individual cannot tolerate metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is insulin started for GDM

A
  1. Beginning if Blood glucose >7

2. Plasma glucose 6-6.9 and evidence foetal complications (macrosomia)

24
Q

Explain scanning in child with GDM

A

Additional scans at 28, 32 and 36W

25
Q

When should delivery be aimed for if on metformin

A

37W

26
Q

When should delivery be aimed for if GDM managed by glucose alone

A

40+6

27
Q

What is fasting blood-glucose target in GDM

A

5.3

28
Q

Explain OGTT

A

Women is given 75g glucose and then blood glucose measured 2h later

29
Q

How long post-delivery should diabetic medication be stopped

A

Immediately

30
Q

What should be checked at 6-13W

A

Blood glucose

31
Q

Explain post-natal screening after GDM

A

Check annually, due to increased risk T2DM

32
Q

Explain further pregnancies following GDM

A

Screen at 16W with OGTT

33
Q

What are two maternal risks of GDM

A

T2DM

Future GDM

34
Q

What are 5 foetal complications of GDM

A 
Macrosomia 
Organomegaly 
Polycythaemia 
Pre-maturity 
Polyhydramnios 
Hypoglycaemia 
Respiratory distress syndrome
35
Q

What is the risk with macrosomia

A

Prolonged Labour
Instrumental delivery
Shoulder dystocia

36
Q

What is anaemia

A

Deficiency in haemoglobin

37
Q

What Hb defines anaemia in first trimester

A

<110

38
Q

What Hb defines anaemia in second and third trimester

A

<105

39
Q

What Hb defines anaemia post-natally

A

<100

40
Q

Explain why anaemia is common in pregnancy

A

Increase in plasma volume causing physiological haemodiluation

41
Q

What are 4 risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy

A

Age
Previous IDA in pregnancy
Haemaglobinopathies
Poor diet

42
Q

What are 3 symptoms of anaemia in pregnancy

A

Breathlessness
Dizziness
Fatigue

43
Q

What are 3 signs of anaemia

A

Pale
Kolonychia
Angular stomatitis

44
Q

What is used to diagnose anaemia in pregnancy

A

FBC

45
Q

How will Hb present in anaemia in first trimester

A

<110

46
Q

How will Hb present in anaemia in second trimester

A

<105

47
Q

How will Hb present in anaemia in third trimester

A

<105

48
Q

How will Hb present in anaemia postnatally

A

<100

49
Q

When should all women be screened for anaemia

A

12W and 28W

50
Q

What is first line for anaemia in pregnancy

A

Oral Iron

51
Q

What is second line for anaemia in pregnancy

A

Ferinject (Parental Iron)

52
Q

How does obstetric cholestasis present

A

Pruritus soles and feet = worse at night

Jaundice (20%)

53
Q

How will LFTs present in obstetric cholestasis

A

Raised ALT, AST

54
Q

How is obstetric cholestasis managed

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

55
Q

If abnormal coagulation profile in obstetric cholestasis what should be given

A 
Vitamin K (10mg PO) to mother 
IM vitamin K to foetus on delivery
56
Q

What is main complication of obstetric cholestasis

A

Pre-maturity

57
Q

What is another complication os obstetric cholestasis to the foetus

A

Meconium aspiration

Obstetrics (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions