Early Pregnancy Complications Flashcards
Causes of spontaneous miscarriage
- chromosomal abnormality
- maternal diseases
- drugs
- uterine abnormalities
- infection
- cervical incompetence
Definition of threatened miscarriage
Vaginal bleeding in the presence of a viable pregnancy with a closed os
Definition of an inevitable miscarriage
Open cervical os with a viable pregnancy
Definition of an incomplete miscarriage
Open cervical os with pregnancy-associated tissue already passed, but some is left behind
Definition of a complete miscarriage
Cessation of bleeding with a closed os and empty uterus after miscarriage
Definition of missed miscarriage/ early fetal demis
Miscarriage occuring in the absence of symptoms or minimal symptoms with the pregnancy still present in utero
Definition of pregnancy of unknown location
Positive pregnostic, but pregnancy not located intra/extrauterine
Definition of a septic miscarriage
Septic retained products of conception, cervical os will be open
Management of a septic miscarriage
- resus
- assess degree of sepsis
- evacuation of the uterus
- IV antibiotics
- assess need for highcare/ICU
- if no improvement, then hysterectomy
Ultrasound findings at 5 weeks
Gestational sac
US findings at 6 weeks
Yolk sac +_ fetal pole
Risks of an evac
- perforation (laparotomy)
- bleeding
- infection
- Ashermans syndrome
Risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy
- history of previous ectopic
- IUCD/ sterilization failure
- PID
- smoking
- previous pelvic surgery
Clinical presentation of an ectopic
- pain
- PV bleeding
- N, V, diarrhoea
- haemorrhagic shock
Level of BHCG when IU pregnancy visible on TVUS
1000-1500
