Early Modern Period -> Industrial Era Flashcards
What weapons were used in the Early Modern ?
How did they stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern period:
-Longbows used, very effective -Schiltrons -Plate armour (not effective against longbow) -Canons used but not used extensively - Firearms (E.g. Hackbut) developed but not used widely
Continuity (1500-1750):
-During 1500’s, armies still used: pikes (extensively), longbows, plate armour
Change (1500-1750):
-Artillery became more manoeuvrable and reliable so was used more widely
-Pikemen were given helmets back and breast plates
-infantry became a mix of pikemen and musketeers
-1550- matchlock replaces Hackbut, 1700- flintlock replaces matchlock
-Trend through 1500’s of going from longbows to muskets
-Cavalry became armed with swords and pistols (Dragoons)
-Armour gradually abandoned by 1700
-Muskets began to implement bayonets, making pikes unnecessary
What tactics and strategies were used in the Early Modern ?
How did they stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern Period:
-Archers used effectively (E.g. Agincourt and Falkirk)
-Schiltrons used as defence against cavalry
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Cavalry and infantry still used inc combination
Change (1500-1750):
-From 1530’s new fortifications made to withstand cannon fire (thick, low and angled)
-Infantry tactics using musketeers and pikemen (square of musketeers (utilising Swedish Salvo) around square of pikemen
-Cavalry from 1540’s used to ride close and fire at enemy, form 1640’s they were used as shock troops
What was the composition and command of armies like in the Early Modern ?
How did it stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern:
-Little reliance on cavalry, Pikemen and Bowmen most effective, cavalry to infantry ratio became 3:1
-Less cavalry were from nobility due to decline in feudal system
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Cavalry and Infantry still used in combination
-Most generals were from nobility (E.g. Generals on Royalists side during civil war)
Change (1500-1750):
-Meritocratic system introduced by the New Modal Army which made it so generals and soldiers were ranked by ability rather than social class
-Ratio of Infantry to Cavalry changed often but with no particular pattern though most remained at 2:1 - 3:1
-Armies got larger, late 17th century armies were around 130,000 large
What was recruitment like in the Early Modern ?
How did it stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern Period:
-Many soldiers within royal household in 1500’s
-Indenture was the most popular way of recruitment for knights
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Militia system used consistently in Tudor Period (calling non trained men to arms). It was Organised by Lord Lieutenants with General Musters every few years
Change (1500-1750):
-Became apparent the system was not working
-Men were more pressed or forced to serve rather than doing so voluntarily
-Conscription introduced which allowed for significantly larger army sizes
What was training like in the Early Modern ?
How did it stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern Period:
-Little training for common people
-Archery training and practice introduced in towns
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Early 1500’s, little training
-Poor standard of training continued throughout Tudor period
Change (1500-1750):
-Threat of invasion in 1580’s led to introduction of Muster Masters to run training sessions, not effective and many “gentlemen” did not want to take orders from “lower” classes
-Training improved during Civil Wars with New Modal Army, soldiers were paid regularly and training was conducted by successful soldiers
-New Modal Army stood after the war finished (1651-8) and played some role in politics
What were provision like in the Early Modern ?
How did they stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern:
-Increase in the amount of wars so more provisions required
-Purveyance
-Royal Armoury in Tower of London
-Baggage trains used to carry supplies
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Requisitioning of goods and services remained an essential part of war
-Plunder and Baggage trains still common and used
Change (1500-1750):
-Free Quarter:
–Armies forced communities to feed and house troops and after would leave a signed receipt as payment - it was almost never paid however the New Model Army did normally pay
What was the experience of civilians like in the Early Modern ?
How did it stay the same and change into the Industrial Period?
Early Modern:
-Cost of war by taxes was high
-Demand for wartime goods helped industries and created a secure wage for them
-Plunder and Raids still common
Continuity (1500-1750):
-Taxes still rose during times of war -Men still forced to join armies -Fear of plunder was constant
Change (1500-1750):
-More damage done to crops and housing during the civil war (55,000) made homeless
-Civil war had a bigger influence on English civilians as it was fought on home soil
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