Early life and adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Leisure plays a large role in the lifespan perspective too

A

As a factor in our development
2. Something influenced by our development

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2
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

A

8 stages healthy individual should pass through from birth to death

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3
Q

each stageis characterizedby

A

A set of opposing psychological tendencies, and
 A developmental issue or task

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4
Q

0-18 MONTHS: TRUST VS. MISTRUST

A

Can I trust the world around me?
Infant’s basics needs either met by their caregivers or not
Trust: Belief the world is a decent place, others are dependable
Mistrust: Feelings of suspicion, and idea that the world is undependable and
dangerous

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5
Q

TRUST VS. MISTRUST: PLAY OBJECTS
Object permanence:

A

understanding things and people exist even when out of
the child’s presence
 Peek-a-boo
 Knocking things off high chairs
Play also linked to physical development
 Motor skills
 Kinesthetic awareness

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6
Q

2-4 YEARS: AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT

A

Is it okay to be who I am?
Exploration of independence, attempts to exist as self in environment
Autonomy: Toddlers encouraged to be who they are and take on challenges
in a supportive environment
Shame/doubt: Caregivers are too restrictive/challenges to great, toddlers
discouraged from being who they are

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7
Q

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT: PLAY IN THE
ENVIRONMENT

A

Play and autonomy: Manipulation of environment around the child
Manipulation takes place in the microsphere
 Digging a hole in the sand
 Rolling a ball downhill
Representative intelligence: Pretending and imagining

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8
Q

4-5 YEARS: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

A

is it okay to do things, to make a splash?
Children attempt tasks and games with peers and alone, pushing boundaries.
Initiative: Encouraged to follow interests, develop independent abilities to
plan and undertake tasks
Guilt: Discouraged from following interests, stifled in attempts to take actions

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9
Q

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT: PARTEN’S STAGES OF PLAY

A

Onlooker play: Children sit and watch other children play
Parallel play: Next to another child, without true interaction
Associative play: Interacting, mimicking each other’s actions
Cooperative play: Truly playing and planning with one another

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10
Q

5-12 YEARS: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

A

Can I be successful in the world around me?
Try more difficult tasks, demonstrate competency based on interests
Industry: Motivation to start/finish tasks, based on positive feedback on
previous efforts
Inferiority: Lack of motivation, develops if children repeatedly fail or are not
supported

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11
Q

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY: LEISURE IDENTITY

A

Leisure choices reflect emerging talents
 Developing athletic talents may develop into sport participation
 Artistic creativity may be expressed through music or art
Play with peers becomes more important that with family
Activities/interests selected during this phase may be lifelong

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12
Q

12-18: IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

A

Who am I, who will I be as an adult?
Search for self and personal identity, concern about perceptions of others
Identity: Understanding of roles you will fill as an adult
Role-confusion: Doubt or rebellion about future roles, establishment of a
negative identity, apathy/withdrawal

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13
Q

IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION: LEISURE ROLES

A

Search for identity and roles through leisure
 What/who do we care about?
 Exploration/testing of multiple potential identities
Leisure and rebellion?
 Music
 Clothing/appearance
 Risky activities

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14
Q

EMERGING ADULTHOOD

A

Exploratory period between adolescence and adulthood (~18-25)
 Intimacy, relationships, social skills needed for adulthood
Identity development and self-discovery through leisure context
Delay of transition to true adulthood?
 Technological revolution
 Sexual revolution
 Women’s rights
 Youth movement

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15
Q

Now-or-never perspective:

A

Pursuing experiences because of fear
they will not be available later

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