Early Infancy Flashcards
Early work on infants concentrated on
Motor Development
Who outlined Locomotor Milestones?
Mary Shirley
According to Mary Shirley, by 1 month a child can ____, by 5 months can ____, by 10 months can ____, by 15 months can ____
lift chin; stand with furniture; crawl; walk
Milestones
The age at which a child enters a specific stage
Milestones are useful for
diagnosing atypical development (disabilities)
Give 3 criticisms of milestones
1) Much Variability: advance quickly in one stage but slowly in another
2) Birth Cohort Differences: Nowadays babies start walking at 11-12months, not 15
3) Cultural Differences (Capute et al): Black stand before white
Other methods of testing infants are:
5 answers
Habituation; Preferential looking technique; Non-nutritive nipple sucking technique; The Visual Cliff; Eye tracking (corneal reflection technique)
Habituation research conducted by ____. What were the findings?
Krafchuck. Younger babies (or babies with brain damage) take longer to habituate then older (or neurotypical)
Preferential Looking Technique:
By 1 months, babies look at images of face longer than images patterns
Non-nutritive nipple sucking technique carried out by ____. Procedure:
Decasper & Spence; Stories read aloud by mothers while babies are in womb. After birth, babies found to prefer the familiar story, even when read by a stranger (used suckling as a measure)
The Visual Cliff carried out by ____. Procedure and findings:
Gibson. Babies wouldn’t crawl over glass even when encourages by mother. Further testing measuring babies heart rate found those who couldn’t crawl reacted to sudden visual drop
Prenatal Cognition:
Study of what babies learn in the womb
Eye tracking - Corneal reflection technique conducted by ____. Findings:
Salatpek; 1 month babies look all over face, 2 month look at eyes and mouth
Give 3 Limitations to testing infants.
1) Ethical issues
2) Danger of over inferring
3) No certainty that staring indicates interest
