Early human development

Question 1

How does it all start?

Answer 1

With fertilisation, n+n=2n

Question 2

What happens after fertilisation?

Answer 2

Cleavage

Question 3

What happens next after cleavage?

Answer 3

Blastula formation/implantation

Question 4

How do we create three germ layers?

Answer 4

Gastrulation

Question 5

What happens after gastrulation?

Answer 5

Organogenesis

Question 6

How do you generate a 3D embryo?

Answer 6

Embryo folding

Question 7

Fertilisation normally occurs within which structure?

Answer 7

Fallopian tube

Question 8

The process of cleavage refers to

Answer 8

a relatively rapid form of cell division
the early cell divisions post fertilisation
a process whereby the cell is divided into smaller and smaller cells called blastomeres.

Question 9

Ectodermal layer contributions

Answer 9

Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Respiratory system
Digestive system

Question 10

Mesodermal contributions

Answer 10

Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Miscellaneous

Question 11

Endodermal contributions

Answer 11

Endocrine system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system

Question 12

Development of the trophoblast 滋养细胞的发育

Answer 12

Syncytiotrophoblast 合胞体滋养层
Uterine endometrium 子宫子宫内膜
Cytotrophoblast [胚] 细胞滋养层
Chorionic villi –fetal placenta 绒毛膜绒毛-胎儿胎盘

Question 13

Development of the bilaminar embryonic disc 双椎板胚胎椎间盘的发育

Answer 13

Hypoblast 内胚层
Epiblast 外胚层
Uterine endometrium

Question 14

Development of the amniotic cavity 羊膜腔的发育

Answer 14

Amnion
Amniotic cavity [胚] 羊膜腔
Extraembryonic mesoderm [胚] 胚外中胚层

Question 15

Development of the yolk sac 卵黄囊的发育

Answer 15

Cytotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast
Hypoblast
Lacunar networks 腔隙网络
Maternal sinusoid 母亲的正弦信号

Question 16

Gastrulation

原肠胚形成

Answer 16

Formation of the primitive streak

Embryonic disc [胚] 胚盘
Connecting stalk 连接蒂
Amnion
Yolk sac 卵黄囊

Primitive streak [胚] 原条

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 17

Notochordal process 脊索突，头突

Answer 17

Primitive streak
Notochordal process
Tail end

Neural plate [胚] 神经板；髓板
Notochordal process

Question 18

Neurulation [胚] 神经胚形成

Answer 18

Somites= ribs, skeleton, muscle of neck and back

Question 19

Embryonic folding

Answer 19

At around 22 to 28 days

Question 20

Fertilisation normally occurs within which structure?

Answer 20

Fallopian tube

Question 21

What will become the primary structure for the exchange of material between the mother and the foetus?

Answer 21

Chorionic villi of the placenta.

Question 22

What is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?

Answer 22

Umbilical cord