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USH Spring Final > Early Cold War > Flashcards

Early Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

George Kennan

A
  • US diplomat in the USSR after the war
  • Wrote the “Long Telegram”(1946) and the essay “The Sources of Soviet Conduct”
  • First to sound alarm of Soviet being problem for the US
  • Prevailing Opinion @ time: Soviets good
  • In essay, proposed “containment” of communism strategy
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2
Q

Truman Doctrine

A
  • Strategy:
  • Give military aid and increase military in Europe
    1. Economic aid and rebuilding Europe
    2. Supported “containment” (Greece and Turkey)
  • Included the 1947 National Security Act and the
  • Marshall Plan
  • Soviet Response: Cominform
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3
Q

Containment

A
  • US geopolitical foreign policy during CW
  • to prevent Comm spread and Domino Theory
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4
Q

Marshall Plan

A
  • 13 billion to Europe
  • provided markets for American goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in Western Europe
  • Successes: industrial production, development, self-sustaining economic growth
  • Failures: caused inflation
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5
Q

National Security Act

A
  • Spread US military bases internationally
  • Created National Security Council and CIA
  • Unified armed forces and created separate departments
  • Defence Department(War + Navy)= Oversee nation’s military and direct line of command for military
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6
Q

Berlin Blockade

A
  • Blockade by the Soviets of Eastern Berlin from land transport of resources
  • Worried about East Berliners emigrating there
  • Led to Berlin Airlift→ Berlin Wall after Soviets opened up land transportation
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7
Q

NSC-68

A
  • Secret report by NSC
  • Cold War= Good vs Evil
  • Wanted military buildup rather than demobilization
  • Agro USA
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8
Q

Paul Nitze

A
  • Replaced Kennan
  • Published NSC-68
  • Believed in more agro action compared to Kennan
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9
Q

Korean War

A
  • 1950 - 1953
  • Initially Jap Colony until war end → divided in North(USSR) and South(US)
  • Kim il Sung invaded w/ Stalin support
  • South supported by UN(90% US)
  • Back and forth → landing back @ 38th parallel
  • McArthur fired for too agro(wanted to nuke China)→ decreased Truman popularity
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10
Q

Domino Theory

A
  • US officials belief that if one state fell[to comm], the others near would be at risk→world falling to comm
  • Risk to US national security and foreign policy
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11
Q

The “New Look”

A
  • Eisenhower’s answer to reduce US budget while not being soft on communism
  • Focus on airforce and nukes(22k nukes)
  • More CIA covert operations
  • leads to USSR to do the same
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12
Q

The Dulles Brothers

A
  • High Power lawyers in Eisenhower administration
  • On the Council on Foreign Relations
  • Believed in “liberation” not containment[more aggressive]
  • Sec of State (John Foster) and CIA director(Allen)
  • Buisness interests destroyed Guatemala
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13
Q

Mohammad Mossadeq

A
  • 1951-1953
  • 35th PM of Iran
  • Goals= 0 intl in Iranian politics and economy, nationalize oil(AIOC)
  • Angered UK because 25% of profits from AIOC→ no US or UK help for Iran
  • Turned to USSR and Iran’s pro-comm party
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14
Q

Operation AJAX

A
  • March 1953
  • US replaced Mossadeq with pro-West Shah(Zahedi)
  • Looked like pop uprising
  • US got 40% share of Iranian oil for secret police and arms
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15
Q

Jacobo Arbenz

A
  • Elected president of Guatemala who issued Decree 900
  • Decree 900: proposed the redistribution of United Fruit Company land to 500,000 people and offered monetary compensation to UFC
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16
Q

Operation PBSUCCESS

A
  • U.S trained 480 men in Honduras
  • June 1954: the troops moved in
  • unmarked bombers atk Guatemalan bases and cities
  • Arbenz replaced with Carlos Catillo Armas
  • worked with the CIA to neutralize thousands of Guatemalans on a kill list
17
Q

GI Bill

A
  • provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans.
  • This included money, cheap housing loans, and college opportunities.
  • Pushed people out of existing jobs
  • Discriminative to black veterans and those who were dishonorably discharged (such as those labeled as gay) did not receive benefits
18
Q

Suburbanization

A
  • Pop shift from urban to suburbs
  • In the 1950s, many white families moved to the suburbs, possibly as a result of the baby boom and the spring in low cost housing being built. Most wanted to their own home, escape the influx of black people moving to the cities.
19
Q

Redlining

A
  • discrim practice by realtors and loan officers
  • held back black people form certain areas
20
Q

HUAC & McCarthyism

A
  • HUAC: Investigated Communism across America(esp Hollywood)→imprisioning people and ruining lives
  • McCartyism:(1940s-1950s) Second red scare; repression of left and fear of communists
  • headed by Joseph McCarthy who launched a massive public campaign against communism and soviet spies and sympathizers he claimed were inside the government. He was later discredited.
21
Q

PCCR

A
  • President’s Committee on Civil Rights
  • Investigated CR in US and how to improve and protect it
  • Called for 3 reasons:
    1. Moral
    2. Eco
    3. International
  • Killed by Southern Dems
  • wrote To Secure These Rights
22
Q

Isaac Woodard

A
  • Decorated black military sergeant who was blinded by policy brutality after a bus driver made up a fake story about his actions on a bus
  • An all white jury acquitted the chief of police
  • Created an worldwide scandal, and led to Truman action
23
Q

“An Appeal to the World”

A
  • Oct 1947
  • NAACP to UN to address human rights violations by the U.S. on African American people written by W.E.B Dubois
  • Larger international scandal
24
Q

Brown v. Board

A
  • Landmark SCOTUS decision which said “seperate but equal”= unconstitutional
  • A combination of multiple cases into 1. State department and DOJ prepared amicus eruiee briefs which stressed the cold war importance
  • With all deliberate speed caused problems
25
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A
  • Following Rosa Parks arrest, local black women and civil rights groups were given a cause to boycott the system.
  • MLK was chosen as leader.
  • A yearlong boycott drove the bus companies to near bankruptcy and downtown merchants declining sales.
  • SCOTUS declared the bus segregation laws unconstitutional.
26
Q

“Massive Resistance”

A
  • 1956
  • strat delcared by US Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. of Virginia
  • Prevent integration:
    1. Pupil Placement Board
    2. Tuition Grants
    3. Close integrating public schools

USH Spring Final (5 decks)

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