1960s and Beyond

Question 1

Greensboro Four

Answer 1

• 4 young black men
• staged first sit-in at Greensboro
• began national sit-in movement

Question 2

SNCC

Answer 2

• 1960s
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
• Founded by young people in South
• Preached black nationalism/culture, human rights
• focused on black men

Question 3

CORE

Answer 3

• Congress of Racial Equality
• Nonviolent CR organzation
• Involved in Freedom rides

Question 4

SCLC

Answer 4

• Southern Christian Leadership Conference
• Headed by MLK in 1957
• Organized CR activities
• Planned 1963 Birmingham Bus Boycott(1963)

Question 5

Freedom Rides

Answer 5

• 1961
• Rides from DC to New Orleans
• Protest against SCOTUS not acting on unconstitutional segregated buses

Question 6

Freedom Summer

Answer 6

• 1964
• Est by Whites and SNCC
• Taught literacy, constitutional rights; Organized voting rights

Question 7

James Meredith

Answer 7

• first Af-Am at Old Miss on Oct 2, 1962
• Protected by US deputy marshals and army troops

Question 8

March on Washington ‘63

Answer 8

• Aug 28
• 250k protest for CR and work opportunities/rights
• MLK + A. Philip Randolph spoke(no women)

Question 9

George Wallace

Answer 9

• Gvr of AL
• Segregation forever
• no desegregation of UAlabama

Question 10

The Great Society

Answer 10

• US better for all
• No poverty, racism with govt help

Question 11

Civil Rights Act ‘64

Answer 11

• Ended legal discrimination and segregation in public accommodations
• Enforcement: EEOC to investigate job discrimination claims
• Sex protected but not enforced

Question 12

Voting Rights Act ‘65

Answer 12

• Illegal to prevent descrim votion practices

Question 13

Barry Goldwater

Answer 13

• Ran for president 1964,1968
• conservative vision=anti-CR, segregation

Question 14

Geneva Accords ‘54

Answer 14

• French pull out of Viet
• Viet divided by 17th parallel until elections in 2 years
• South gvt= Bao Dai with Diem as leader

Question 15

NLF/Vietcong

Answer 15

• National Liberation Front
• Opposed SV gvt under Ngo Dinh Diem(1960s)
• Southern Comm
• Northern Allied with NV and Ho Chi Minh
• Militaristic wing of NLF

Question 16

Strategic Hamlets

Answer 16

• Plan by SV + US + ARPA
• Combat comm insurgency through pacification(reducing comm)
• defend/move rural pop to sep them from Vietcong and to monitor them

Question 17

Mission Creep

Answer 17

• gradual expansion beyond original idea
• Done because initial success

Question 18

Gulf of Tonkin

Answer 18

• early 1964
• “Attack” by NV
• Led to retalitory bombing, nervous sonar men misinterpreting things, and Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: full authority over milit and war

Question 19

Operation Rolling Thunder

Answer 19

• Mar 2, 1965- Nov 2, 1968
• Bombing to stop Ho Chi Minh
• Response to NV-US atks in 1965

Question 20

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 20

• Leader after Geneva Convention
• US helped institute him after kicking out Bao Dai(Pro- Elections)
• Repressive and disliked in SV
• Killed by Generals under US approval

Question 21

Kerner Commission

Answer 21

• Examined 1967 racial violence in 128 cities
• Led to 400 page report
• Conflict result: Frustration, ↓opportunities, ↓ housing, ↓ edu, racial tension

Question 22

Black Power

Answer 22

• 1966 by SNCC by Stokely Carmichael
• Proposed Black nationalism, self-determination, militance for self-defense
• Disillusioned by non-violence movement ‘failure’
• expelling of white members

Question 23

Tet Offensive

Answer 23

• 1968
• Coord atk on SV by Vietcong
• Destroyed buildings, captured 4/5 SV cities, atk US morale
• Costly for Vietcong

Question 24

Election of 1968

Answer 24

• MLK and RFK are assassinated
• LBJ pulls out because of his unpopularity due to VW
• Leads to a Nixon Victory

Question 25

Cesar Chavez & UFW

Answer 25

• 1960s-1970s
• United Farm Workers
• Created Latino CR movement
• Fused nonviolence with farmworker and Hispanic dignity
• Won better wages and working condit to growers

Question 26

Brown Power

Answer 26

• Chicano Movement
• 1960s
• (MX-Am)Immigrant rights
• derived for CR movement

Question 27

Second Wave Feminism

Answer 27

• 1960s-1970s
• Blamed society for women’s role
• NOW=women’s org(est 1966)
• equal rights: lawsuits against discrim and used pub opinion against sexism

Question 28

Phyllis Stewart Schlafly

Answer 28

• American attorney, conservative activist, author, and anti-feminist spokesperson for the national conservative movement
• Opponent of Equal Rights Amendment
• Org “STOP ERA”

Question 29

My Lai Massacre

Answer 29

• Mar 1968
• Am troops massacred My Lai village
• couldn’t tell who the enemy was
• came to light with the Pentagon Papers

Question 30

Pentagon Papers

Answer 30

• 47-volume US government study from the end of World War II to the Vietnam War, tracing US involvement in Southeast Asia.
• Init by Robert McNamara (Sec of Defense)
• Released by Daniel Ellsberg to NYT
• Findings: War= avoid embarrassment
• Led to understanding Gulf of Tonkin

Question 31

“Vietnamization”

Answer 31

• Relying on SV troops and US $ aid
• Scale back US troops + more bombs

Question 32

Nixon Doctrine

Answer 32

• Eco aid but no troops to Viet

Question 33

CREEP & Watergate

Answer 33

• Committee for the Re-election of the President
• Off: Fundraising org for RN
• Part of Watergate scandal: Plumbers who broke into DNC at Watergate hotel

Question 34

Vietnam Syndrome

Answer 34

• Polt term
• Public aversion to US overseas milit b/c of VW