1960s and Beyond Flashcards
1
Q
Greensboro Four
A
- 4 young black men
- staged first sit-in at Greensboro
- began national sit-in movement
2
Q
SNCC
A
- 1960s
- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
- Founded by young people in South
- Preached black nationalism/culture, human rights
- focused on black men
3
Q
CORE
A
- Congress of Racial Equality
- Nonviolent CR organzation
- Involved in Freedom rides
4
Q
SCLC
A
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- Headed by MLK in 1957
- Organized CR activities
- Planned 1963 Birmingham Bus Boycott(1963)
5
Q
Freedom Rides
A
- 1961
- Rides from DC to New Orleans
- Protest against SCOTUS not acting on unconstitutional segregated buses
6
Q
Freedom Summer
A
- 1964
- Est by Whites and SNCC
- Taught literacy, constitutional rights; Organized voting rights
7
Q
James Meredith
A
- first Af-Am at Old Miss on Oct 2, 1962
- Protected by US deputy marshals and army troops
8
Q
March on Washington ‘63
A
- Aug 28
- 250k protest for CR and work opportunities/rights
- MLK + A. Philip Randolph spoke(no women)
9
Q
George Wallace
A
- Gvr of AL
- Segregation forever
- no desegregation of UAlabama
10
Q
The Great Society
A
- US better for all
- No poverty, racism with govt help
11
Q
Civil Rights Act ‘64
A
- Ended legal discrimination and segregation in public accommodations
- Enforcement: EEOC to investigate job discrimination claims
- Sex protected but not enforced
12
Q
Voting Rights Act ‘65
A
- Illegal to prevent descrim votion practices
13
Q
Barry Goldwater
A
- Ran for president 1964,1968
- conservative vision=anti-CR, segregation
14
Q
Geneva Accords ‘54
A
- French pull out of Viet
- Viet divided by 17th parallel until elections in 2 years
- South gvt= Bao Dai with Diem as leader
15
Q
NLF/Vietcong
A
- National Liberation Front
- Opposed SV gvt under Ngo Dinh Diem(1960s)
- Southern Comm
- Northern Allied with NV and Ho Chi Minh
- Militaristic wing of NLF
16
Q
Strategic Hamlets
A
- Plan by SV + US + ARPA
- Combat comm insurgency through pacification(reducing comm)
- defend/move rural pop to sep them from Vietcong and to monitor them
17
Q
Mission Creep
A
- gradual expansion beyond original idea
- Done because initial success
18
Q
Gulf of Tonkin
A
- early 1964
- “Attack” by NV
- Led to retalitory bombing, nervous sonar men misinterpreting things, and Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: full authority over milit and war
19
Q
Operation Rolling Thunder
A
- Mar 2, 1965- Nov 2, 1968
- Bombing to stop Ho Chi Minh
- Response to NV-US atks in 1965
20
Q
Ngo Dinh Diem
A
- Leader after Geneva Convention
- US helped institute him after kicking out Bao Dai(Pro- Elections)
- Repressive and disliked in SV
- Killed by Generals under US approval
21
Q
Kerner Commission
A
- Examined 1967 racial violence in 128 cities
- Led to 400 page report
- Conflict result: Frustration, ↓opportunities, ↓ housing, ↓ edu, racial tension
22
Q
Black Power
A
- 1966 by SNCC by Stokely Carmichael
- Proposed Black nationalism, self-determination, militance for self-defense
- Disillusioned by non-violence movement ‘failure’
- expelling of white members
23
Q
Tet Offensive
A
- 1968
- Coord atk on SV by Vietcong
- Destroyed buildings, captured 4/5 SV cities, atk US morale
- Costly for Vietcong
24
Q
Election of 1968
A
- MLK and RFK are assassinated
- LBJ pulls out because of his unpopularity due to VW
- Leads to a Nixon Victory
25
Q
Cesar Chavez & UFW
A
- 1960s-1970s
- United Farm Workers
- Created Latino CR movement
- Fused nonviolence with farmworker and Hispanic dignity
- Won better wages and working condit to growers
26
Q
Brown Power
A
- Chicano Movement
- 1960s
- (MX-Am)Immigrant rights
- derived for CR movement
27
Q
Second Wave Feminism
A
- 1960s-1970s
- Blamed society for women’s role
- NOW=women’s org(est 1966)
- equal rights: lawsuits against discrim and used pub opinion against sexism
28
Q
Phyllis Stewart Schlafly
A
- American attorney, conservative activist, author, and anti-feminist spokesperson for the national conservative movement
- Opponent of Equal Rights Amendment
- Org “STOP ERA”
29
Q
My Lai Massacre
A
- Mar 1968
- Am troops massacred My Lai village
- couldn’t tell who the enemy was
- came to light with the Pentagon Papers
30
Q
Pentagon Papers
A
- 47-volume US government study from the end of World War II to the Vietnam War, tracing US involvement in Southeast Asia.
- Init by Robert McNamara (Sec of Defense)
- Released by Daniel Ellsberg to NYT
- Findings: War= avoid embarrassment
- Led to understanding Gulf of Tonkin
31
Q
“Vietnamization”
A
- Relying on SV troops and US $ aid
- Scale back US troops + more bombs
32
Q
Nixon Doctrine
A
- Eco aid but no troops to Viet
33
Q
CREEP & Watergate
A
- Committee for the Re-election of the President
- Off: Fundraising org for RN
- Part of Watergate scandal: Plumbers who broke into DNC at Watergate hotel
34
Q
Vietnam Syndrome
A
- Polt term
- Public aversion to US overseas milit b/c of VW
