Early Childhood Flashcards
What ages are considered Early Childhood?
2-6(7)
Describe physical/biological development during early childhood.
Year between 2-3, activity level is higher than any other point in lifespan; by 5 yo brain is at 90% of adult weight;
Describes Piaget’s view on this stage.
Pre-operational (2-7), with two substages: Preconceptual and Intuitive; Reason is dominated by perception; Intuition vs. Logic
Describe the preconceptual substage.
Age 2-4; child begins to symbolize; to mentally represent objects and events; similar objects assumed to be the same (Piaget’s son and snail); transductive reasoning
Describe transductive reasoning.
occurs during preconceptual substage (preoperational); making inferences from one particular to another (cat has 4 legs, furry and dog is too, so they’re the same)
Describe the intuitive substage.
age 4-7; egocentricity; errors of class inclusion (roses, tulips v flowers), inability to conserve (different size must mean different amount), Centration (Center or focus on one aspect of situation)
Describe language development at 4 and 5 years old.
4- complex sentences, adult like grammatical structure; 5- around 14K words
What stages are covered in early childhood?
two stages: autonomy/shame, initiative/guilt
What are the 3 types of play?
Practice play (physical activity, sensorimotor), pretend play (imagining self, others/objects as something other than what they are - important for cognitive development), social play (play with 2+ children)
What are the 4 kinds of social play?
Onlooker play (watches other children play but not participate), parallel play (plays side by side without interacting), associative play (share toys but each child is playing independently, no shared rules or goals), cooperative play (share and help each other to reach shared goals); associative and cooperative play more common around 4 or 5
By what age do children identify as a specific gender?
by 3 years old
By __ years old, child plays more with same gender.
5
Describe common boys’ play.
physical/aggressive, pretend to be super heroes, monsters; boys are more constrained in gender roles - girls can be tomboys but boys can’t be sissy.
Describe common girls’ play.
affectionate, compliant, pretend to be cooks, mothers, babies
Fewer than ___% of all families fit “typical” family profile.
30%
Approximately ___% of children spend average 6 years in _______ parent setting.
50; single
Describe the effects of divorce.
harmful for children at any age; particularly harmful when it occurs during childhood & adolescence compared to preschool or college years; effects can persist into adulthood
List the main factors why divorce negatively affects children.
- Absence of parent (usually father)
- Economic influence
- Family conflict (stress)
homes headed by single mothers are often at poverty level
What are the 4 types of parenting styles?
Permissive, authoritarian, authoritative, uninvolved
Describe permissive parenting style.
autonomy more important than obedience; non-demanding, non-punitive, highly permissive; these children have lowest self esteem; high involvement and low control.
Describe authoritarian parenting style.
dogmatic, very controlling, limited autonomy, little recourse to reason, “I’ll tell you what to do…”; these tend to be most religious homes, children view God the same way; low involvement and high control.
Describe authoritative parenting style.
Firm control, permits independence but values obedience, democratic, respectful and reasonable; highest self esteem kids; intergenerational transmission (gets passed down through generations); high involvement and control.
Describe the uninvolved parenting style.
provide for basic needs but little else; minimal investment and time in children’s life; not as much emotional bonding o support; Low involvement and low control
