Early ancient civilization Flashcards
Land between 2 rivers
Mesopotamia
Rivers surrounding mesopotamia
Tigris and Euphrates
1st known civilization
Sumer (South of Mesopotamia)
Form of writing using wedge-shaped symbols
Cuneiform
Sumerian rule of law; civil and criminal law system
Code of Hammurabi
Tasks of the Baru (Healer)
Diagnosis and prognosis
Find out which god was offended and sin committed (spiritual problems)
Makes use of Ancient hepatoscopy (sheep’s liver)
Tasks of the Ashipu (Diviner)
Hear confession
Exoricism
Tasks of the Asu (Physician/priest)
Prescribe drugs and operations (Physical problems)
Healers of the upper class patients (gentlemen and seigniors)
Regular physicians
Healers of lower class (commoners and slaves)
Barber-surgeons
Alphabet of early ancient civilization of Egypt:
Heiroglyphics
Writing tools(Egypt)
Papyrus
Reed pen
Ink from sap of leaves
Egyptian Medical Papyri: the encyclopedia which contains the most complete records of history, prescirptions, and incantations
Ebers
Egyptian Medical Papyri: Contains case histories, anatomical and physiological and surgical information
Smith
Egyptian Medical Papyri: Contains information about ob-gyne, pregnancy determination, sex determination, and contraception
Kahun
(Egypt) Length of embalming/mummification
70 Days
(Egypt) Autopsy tent in embalming/mummification
Ebu
(Egypt) Used to dry the cadaver in embalming/mummification
Natron
Egyptian great god of medicine, vizier to the pharaoh
Imhotep
Egyptian oddess of healing
Sekhmet
(Egypt) 1st recorded woman doctor
Peseshet
(Egypt) Highest healer
Priest healer
(Egypt) In charge of medicine and surgery
Lay physician
(Egypt) Diagnosis is done through
History taking
Physical examination
Symptomatic history
Laboratory exams
Settlement of hebrew civilization
between mesopotamia and egypt (now modern israel and palestine
Greatest contribution of the Hebrew civilization
jewish religion, Judaism
Found of hebrew civilization
Abraham of Ur
(Hebrew) Divine source of health and disease
Jehovah
Contribution of Jews to medicine:
Hygiene and prophylaxis
Hebrew collection of writings regarding medical knowledge and religious traditions
Textbook of Talmud
Hindu or vedic languange and ancient writing in India
Sanskrit
(India) Supreme power creator
Brahma
Author of Ayurveda
Brahma
(India) Goddess of destruction and regeneration
Shiva
(India) Consort of Shiva, god of disease, death, and destruction
Kali
Oldest holistic organized system of medicine;
Ayurveda
Makes up the Triad of the Ancients/Contributors:
Chakra, Susruta, Vaghata
(India) One of the Triad of the Ancients who described drugs and classification of diseases
Chakara
(India) One of the Triad of the Ancients who emphasized on the art of surgery and pharmacology
Susruta
(India) One of the Triad of the Ancients who focused on OB-GYN, pediatrics, and used pulse diagnosis
Vaghbata
4 Pillars of Ayurvedic Medicine
Patient
Physician
Medicine
Attendant
Health is a balance of 3 humors, specifically_____
Vata (air and space [wind])
Pitta (fire and water [bile])
Kapha (water and earth [phlegm])
(China) Rivers separating China from Mongolia
Yellow river and Yangtze river
(China) Tribal leader who founded herbal medicine; self-medicated
Shen Nong
(China) Tribal leader who founded China’s 1st Dynasty; Book of changes; Yin and Yang concept
Fu His
(China) Tribal leader who wrote the Cannon of Internal medicine; Patron of acupuncture, cupping, and Moxibustion
Huang Di
(China) Theory that there are channels in the body in which qi flows rhythmically with each channel directed to specific organs/area
Meridian Theory
