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BESC1120 Developmental Psychology > Early Adulthood > Flashcards

Early Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

What ages are considered early adulthood?

A

18-40

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2
Q

Why is adulthood typically a time of physical wellbeing?

A

Young adults reach the peak of their physical functioning and they get used to their newly developed body

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3
Q

Define stress

A

Arousal of the mind and body in response to demands made on them by stressors.

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4
Q

How does stress contribute to illness?

A

It can have a direct physical affect as it wears down the physiological system

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5
Q

List the five stages of the sexual response cycle

A 
Desire
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
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6
Q

Define infertility

A

Inability to conceive a pregnancy after one year of sexual relations without contraception

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7
Q

What are the consequences of infertility to those in early adulthood?

A

It often leads to psychological reactions of grief, anger and guilt

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8
Q

Discuss the treatments that are available for infertility

A

Surgical and drug treatments are used for both male and female infertility, depending on the causes. e.g. IVF

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9
Q

Describe how adult thought differs from adolescent thought

A

Adults can accept and synthesise contradiction. Mature thought depends on the context of the event and the framework of the knower

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10
Q

Why is context important to adult moral development?

A

Context influences whether a justice or care orientation is used

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11
Q

List and describe the stages of adult thinking according to Schaie

A
  1. Acquisitive- build basic skills, including all of Piaget’s stages
  2. Achieving- meet personal goals
  3. Executive (people in roles of power)- meet needs of larger societal groups
    OR
  4. Responsible- integrate responsibility to others with personal goals
  5. Reintegrative- Refocus on personal interests and values
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12
Q

Which stage of Erikson’s theory are early adults in?

A

Intimacy vs isolation

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13
Q

Explain how attending university contributes to cognitive development

A

Fosters intellectual development. The biggest difference in cognitive growth is found between adults who attend university and those who do not

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14
Q

List and describe the career stages according to Greenhaus

A
  1. Preparation for work age: 0-25- Develop occupational self-image, develop initial occupational choice, pursue education
  2. Organisational entry age: 18-25- Obtain job offers from desired organisations and select appropriate job
  3. Early career age: 25-40- Learn job and organisational rules and norms, increase competence, achieve ‘dream’
  4. Mid-career age: 40-55- Reaffirm or modify ‘dream’, remain productive at work
  5. Late career age: 55-retirement- Remain productive in work, maintain self-esteem, prepare for effective retirement
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15
Q

What factors affect which jobs people are likely to attain?

A

Sex, race, education, socioeconomic status, how much they are paid and how far they advance in their chosen profession

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16
Q

What are social clocks?

A

Internalised age expectations that govern when people marry, become parents and retire.

17
Q

Identify the various forms intimacy may take in early adulthood.

A

Friendships, love, marriage

18
Q

According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, what are the three essential components of love?

A

Passion
Intimacy
Decision/commitment

19
Q

How many types of love are there according to Sternberg?

A

7

20
Q

List the 7 types of love according to Sternberg

A

Liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, companionate love, fatuous love, consummate love

21
Q

List the top 10 qualities in a preferred marriage partner

A
  1. Warmth and kindness
  2. Expressiveness and openness
  3. Sense of humour
  4. Sexual passion
  5. Similarity on attitudes and values
  6. Exciting personality
  7. Ambition
  8. Intelligence
  9. Similar interests and leisure activities
  10. Similarity on social skills
22
Q

List the top 10 qualities in a preferred casual sex partner

A
  1. Warmth and kindness
  2. Sexual passion
  3. Sense of humour
  4. Exciting personality
  5. Expressiveness and openness
  6. Physical attractiveness
  7. Similarity on attitudes and value
  8. Intelligence
  9. Ambition
  10. Similar interests and leisure activities
23
Q

What is the current Australian diovorce rate? New Zealand?

A

46%

47%

24
Q

List some factors influencing divorce

A 
Legislative changes
Personality (happiness)
Living far away
Lack of consensus- e.g. role-allocation
Less expectation of life-long relationship
25
Q

List some reasons for becoming a parent

A

Pressure to conform
Fulfilment, identity issues
Pregnancy both a biologcial and psychological event
Move focus from own needs
THIS IS THE SAME WITH SAME SEX MARRIAGE AS HETEROSEXUAL MARRIAGES

26
Q

What percentage of Australian families are single parents? New Zealand?

A

22%

24%

27
Q

What is considered to be the ‘social price’ of not having children?

A

Viewed negatively
Relatives view them more negatively than friends
Perceived as more harsh by other women

28
Q

Define early articulator

A

Someone who knew from childhood that she did not want to have children.

29
Q

Define postponer

A

someone who was less definite about whether to have children and made the decision to remain child-free after first delaying childbearing for a definite time and then for an indefinite time

30
Q

List the four adaptive mechanisms (Vaillant’s term for the coping styles that people use to adapt to life events and that determine their levels of mental health)

A

Mature mechanisms
Immature mechanisms
Psychotic mechanisms
Neurotic mechanisms

31
Q

Define general adaption syndrome

A

The pattern of physical response to stress identifed by Seyle, which has three stages; alarm, resistance and exhaustion

32
Q

Define health beliefs model

A

A model that attempts to explain why people persist with unhealthy behaviour, despite knowing the consequences

33
Q

List and describe the four parenting types

A

Authoritative- IDEAL
Authoritarian- Less nurturing, more strict
Permissive- More nurturing, less strict
Uninvolved- NOT IDEAL

BESC1120 Developmental Psychology (7 decks)

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