Developmental theories from chapters 1-10

Question 1

What theories did Sigmund Freud create?

Answer 1

The psychosexual theory of development and the personality structure

Question 2

How many stages are there in Freud’s psychosexual theory of development?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

List the 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual development

Answer 3

Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Question 4

List the ages for each of the stages of Freud’s psychosexual development.

Answer 4

Oral- Birth>1 year
Anal- 1>3, 
Phallic- 3>6, 
Latent- 6>puberty, 
Genital- puberty>death

Question 5

Describe the erogenous zones for each of the stages of Freud’s psychosexual development.

Answer 5

Oral- mouth, 
Anal- bowel and bladder control, 
Phallic- genitals, 
Latent- libido inactive, 
Genital- maturing sexual interests

Question 6

What is the overarching name of Freud’s theory?

Answer 6

Psychoanalysis

Question 7

Describe Freud’s theory on personality structure

Answer 7

Id- instinctive personality. Contains inherited parts of personality
Ego- rational, decision making part of personality
Superego- Incorporates the values and morals of society. Contains parts of personality developed from

Question 8

Who created the personal development psychosocial theory?

Answer 8

Erik Erikson

Question 9

What theory did Erikson create?

Answer 9

The 8-stage personal development psychosocial theory

Question 10

List the 8 stages of personal development according to Erikson

Answer 10

Birth-18 months- Trust vs mistrust
1-2 years- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3-6 years- Initiative vs guilt
7-11 years- Industry vs diffusion
Adolescence (13-19)- Identity vs role confusion
Young adult (20-39)- Intimacy vs isolation
Mid adult (40s-60s)- Generativity vs stagnation
Older (70+)- Ego integrity vs despair

Question 11

What theory did Piaget create?

Answer 11

The theory of cognitive development

Question 12

Who created the theory of cognitive development

Answer 12

Jean Piaget

Question 13

List the name, age and goal of each of the stages of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget

Answer 13

Sensorimotor- Birth to 18–24 months old- Object permanence
Preoperational- 2 to 7 years old- Symbolic thought
Concrete operational- 7 to 11 years old- Operational thought
Formal operational- Adolescence to adulthood- Abstract concepts
Postformal- More practical and flexible thinking

Question 14

What theory did Vygotsky create?

Answer 14

Social development theory

Question 15

What did the social development theory focus on?

Answer 15

Focused on social interaction as the major determinant of human behaviour (context)

Question 16

List the four stages in the development of thought according to Vygotsky

Answer 16

1. Non-verbal thought and conceptual speech (0-2 years)
2. Beginning of a merging between thinking and speech
3. Egocentric speech (overt)
4. Egocentric speech becomes covert