Early 20th Century Art Movements

Question 1

Fauvism

Answer 1

Started in 1905
French avant-garde
Led by Henri Matisse and Andre Derain
Characterized by:
-bold brushstrokes
-vibrant colors
-unnatural saturation and colors
-highlights artiface

Question 2

Cubism

Answer 2

Started in 1908
Led by Pablo Picasso and Braque
Inspired by Cezanne
Influence of native and African art
Characterized by:
-fragmented forms
-multiple perspectives
-simple depictions of objects
-challenge reality

Question 3

Expressionism

Answer 3

Started in 1905
Started with The Bridge group (1905)
-bridge past and future
-led by Kirchner and Emil Nolde
-displeasure of industrialization in Germany
Other group, The Blue Rider, formed (1911)
-Led by Kandinsky and Franz Marc
Both groups characterized by:
-introspective
-Fauvist intense color
-influence of Symbolism and Munch
-influence of Primitive Art
-stylized and distorted
-lack of naturalistic modeling
-improvization

Question 4

Futurism

Answer 4

Started in 1909
Based on “Futurist Manifesto” by FT Marinetti
Led by Giacomo Balla and Umberto Boccioni
Wanted to break free from Classical past and create an entirely new art movement
Characterized by:
-fragmented forms (Cubism)
-multiple viewpoints (Cubism)
-idea of speed and movement
-depict motion through repetition

Question 5

Suprematism

Answer 5

Started in 1915
Led by Kazimir Malevich
Sought to create new reality of art
Chacterized by:
-nonobjective composition
-chance
-floating geometric shapes

Question 6

DADA

Answer 6

Started 1914
“Dada Manifesto” written by Tristan Tzara
Started in NYC, Zurich and Switzerland, but many artists fled to the US as nazism rose
Characterized by:
-humor and satire
-random and chance
-innovative materials
-new techniques: assemblage, photomontage, collage

Question 7

De Stijl

Answer 7

Started in 1915
Led by Mondrian and Doesburg
Applied to design, architecture, furniture, fine art
"International Style"
Characterized by:
-vertical and horizontal lines
-geometric forms
-black and white with primary colors
-sleek, no ornamentation
-functional and efficient

Question 8

Bauhaus

Answer 8

Started in 1919
School founded by Walter Gropius
Taught by avant-garde artists, guildlike scchool combining architecture with furniture, textile, fine arts, and typography
Functional objects
Characterized by:
-beautiful objects for mass production
-rational works
-steel and glass
-asymmetrical architecture

Question 9

Surrealism

Answer 9

Started in 1924
Influenced by Freud
From writing to art movement
Led by Max Ernst, Miro and Dali
Characterized by:
-dreamlike imagery
-use of automatism
-erotic and provocative imagery
-disdain for convention

Question 10

Beyonce-ism

Answer 10

Started in September 4, 1981
Led god, Beyonce
Late inspired Minaj-ism
Characterized by:
-feminism
-crying
-surfboards and watermelon