Ancient Rome

Question 1

Verism and Veristic Portraiture

Answer 1

The Romans had a Senate of wealthy, slave-owning, old men. Patricians (wealthy, landowning citizens) would commission portraits known as imagines as a way to commemorate their ancestors. The style of these portraits was known as verism. They depicted age to show wisdom and experience, and we mainly true portraits, not stylized. (See Man with Portrait Busts of Busts of His Ancestors from 1st century BCE)

Question 2

Relief with Funerary Procession

Answer 2

Amiternum, Italy. Late 1st Century BCE.

Slavery popular in Ancient Rome, freed slaves wanted to show prove themselves by commissioning art.

Patrons were freed slaves

Broken registers show depth.

Question 3

First Style Wall Painting

Answer 3

Simplest wall pinting

Shows surface with a variety of faux stones (See Samnite House, 2nd Century BCE)

Question 4

Second Style Wall Painting

Answer 4

Create illusion of space, dissappearance of wall

Use of objects and architecture Perspective

Incorporates First Style patterns (See Dionysiac Mystery Frieze at Pompeii, 60-50 BCE) (See Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale, Italy. Now at MET/from NY trip 50-40 BCE)

Question 5

Third Style Wall Painting

Answer 5

Very simple/flat Color with minimal perspective Perspective inaccurate, just shows depth by going into blank space (See Villa Agrippa Postumus at Boscotrecase, Italy, 10 BCE. Now at MET/blocked area on NY trip)

Question 6

Fourth Style Wall Painting

Answer 6

Mix of Second and Third (See House of Nero, Rome, 64-68 CE)

Question 7

Portrait of Augustus as General

Answer 7

Primaporta, Italy. 20 BCE. Octavian/Augustus Julius Caesar’s nephew and adopted son Took Rome as emperor Claimed to be related to Venus (Cupid in corner) Made himself God/general/priest

Question 8

Ara Pacis

Answer 8

Rome, Italy. 13-9 BCE. Pax Romana (peace) period

Built after war, depicts peace Acanthus plant shows Greek inspiration Panels: -Female Personification, possibly Tellus or Venus. Personification of plenty. -Procession of Imperial Family shows Augustus only cares for upper class and their lack of reproduction, so children depicted

Question 9

Pont-du-Guard

Answer 9

Nimes, France. 16 BCE

Row of arches=arcade Concrete aqueduct and bridge

By destroying aqueducts, enemies could easily kill Romans

Question 10

House of Nero, Golden House

Answer 10

Rome, Italy. 68 CE.

Octagonal hall

Oculus

Concrete

Foundation of Flavian Amphitheater

Question 11

Flavian Amphitheater, Colosseum

Answer 11

Rome, IDIOTly (am I right ladies?) 70-80 CE

Built by Vespacian

On top of Nero’s palace and water channels

Allowed for Naval Battles

Velarium-Rectractable roof manned by guards

Engaged columns

Tuscan, Ioinic, Corinthian, Pilasters

Hypogeum-underground controls

Question 12

Arch of Titus

Answer 12

Rome, Italy. Post 81 CE. More like arch of TOOTis am I right ladies?

Triumphal arch Post and lintel, barrel vault, attic

Inside:

• Titus destroyed Temple of Solomon of the Jews (after Babylonians) and Ariel will never forgive him
• Start of diaspora for Jews
• Israel created in 1948
• Titus leading army with Nike
• First God with mortal depiction

Question 13

Forum of Trajan

Answer 13

Rome, Italy. 112 CE.

This is taking longer than I thought oh my god its almost noon I’m going to fail somebody hug me rn

Trajan took power after Nerva died First Spanish emperor

Basilica Ulpia 2 libraries, one Roman and other Latin

Markets of Trajan

Question 14

Column of Trajan

Answer 14

Rome, Italy. 112 CE.

Tells story of Dacians

Wisdom over strength

Where Trajan is buried (spoopy)

As high as hill they leveled

Question 15

Arch of Trajan

Answer 15

Rome, Italy duh. 112 CE.

More detailed than Titus’s Trajan feeding hungry, helping poor

Propoganda

Question 16

Pantheon

Answer 16

Rome, Italy. 118-125 CE.

Possibly designed by Hadrian himself.

Says M Agrippa, who designed original

“Temple to all Gods”

Converted to church

Coffers relieve weight

Oculus lets in light and symbolizes earth and sun

Bernini the bootyhole added giant clock towers (bigger than a tower I ain’t talking bout Eifel, am I right ladies?) for some reason then they were taken down

Question 17

Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina

Answer 17

Rome, Italy. 161 CE.

-Marcus Aurelius and wife, Faustina going up to heaven together even though they died at different times

Rome personification

Shield shows wolf with Romulus and Remus (founders of Rome)

-Other side like lower class art Similar to Funerary Procession

Question 18

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Answer 18

Rome, Italy. 175 CE. Bronze

Not destroyed because confused with Constantine

Way too big for his horsey.

Last good emperor

Beard shows he is wise like Hadrian

Question 19

CARACALLA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

enjoy a picture of me literally crying next to this statue!!!!!

Answer 19

Now at MET. 211-217 CE.

Soldier emperor period Emperors killed frequently

Father, Septimus Severus, wanted Caracalla and brother, Geta, to rule together, but Caracalla killed his brother (like the babe he is!)

Built baths run by slaves for the people

Question 20

Four Tetrarchs

Answer 20

Can’t go back to Constantinople doo doo doop. 305 CE. Realized Roman Empire was too big, split it up east and west

Augustus and Caesar of each section

Porphyry really strong, Doodle Clark touched it

Question 21

Arch of Constantine

Answer 21

Rome, Italy. 312-315 CE.

First Christian Roman emperor Baptized on deathbed

Copied from Arch of Trajan and Titus but changed faces Artists less skilled

Next to Colosseum

Question 22

Temple of Portunus

Answer 22

Rome, Italy, 75 BCE

Prtunus God of harbors

Ionic Pseudo-Peripteral

Concrete facing