Ear Problems

Question 1

what is a cholesteatoma?

Answer 1

presence of keratin in the middle ear

Question 2

complications in cholesteatoma

Answer 2

keratin contains enzymes that erode surrounding bone and bacteria can grow

Question 3

causes of cholesteatoma

Answer 3

acquired

congenital

Question 4

diagnosis of cholesteatoma

Answer 4

pearly white on otoscopy with foul, cheesy discharge

Question 5

management of cholesteatoma

Answer 5

surgical excision

reconstruction

Question 6

what is otosclerosis?

Answer 6

abnormal bone formation fixing the footplate of stapes to the oval window

Question 7

who is otosclerosis more common in?

Answer 7

women during pregnancy due to oestrogen

Question 8

presentation of otosclerosis

Answer 8

gradual onset of CHL

Question 9

diagnosis of otosclerosis

Answer 9

PTA with Cahart’s notch at 2kHz

Question 10

management of otosclerosis

Answer 10

stapedectomy

hearing aids

Question 11

where is a vestibular schwannoma usually found?

Answer 11

posterior fossa in cerebellum-pontine angle

Question 12

what is a vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 12

benign tumour of the CNVIII nerve sheath that can extend to internal auditory meatus

Question 13

presentation of vestibular schwannoma

Answer 13

asymmetrical hearing loss with tinnitus

imbalance without vertigo as slow growing

Question 14

diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma

Answer 14

loss of corneal reflex + SNHL, vertigo and tinnitus

MRI

Question 15

what condition is vestibular schwannoma associated with?

Answer 15

NF2

Question 16

management of vestibular schwannoma

Answer 16

observation
radiotherapy
surgery