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ENT 2020 > 4th Year Ear Additions > Flashcards

4th Year Ear Additions Flashcards

1
Q

what is an important differential in SNHL in the elderly?

A

dementia

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2
Q

does hearing loss increase your risk of dementia?

A

yes, but treating can reduce the risk

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3
Q

medications that cause SNHL

A

loop diuretics (furosemide)
aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
chemotherapy (cisplatin)

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4
Q

what movement do the semi-circular canals detect?

A

rotational

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5
Q

what movement do the otolith organs detect?

A

linear

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6
Q

what is the role of the vestibular nerve?

A

balance

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7
Q

what is the role of the cochlear nerve?

A

hearing

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8
Q

what are not features of vestibular neuronitis?

A

tinnitus and hearing loss as this is inflammation of only the vestibular nerve

if these are present consider labyrinthitis

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9
Q

short-term acute management options for peripheral vertigo

A

prochlorperazine

antihistamines

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10
Q

what does prolonged use of prochlorperazine and antihistamines cause?

A

can slow recovery

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11
Q

what condition is bilateral acoustic neuromas associated with?

A

NF 2

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12
Q

what can acoustic neuromas damage if they grow large enough?

A

vestibulocochlear and facial nerve

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13
Q

where does the facial nerve exit the brainstem?

A

cerebellopontine angle

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14
Q

what does the facial nerve pass through?

A

temporal bone

parotid gland

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15
Q

branches of the facial nerve

A

5 branches:

  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical
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16
Q

what does UMN facial palsy suggest?

A

stroke

forehead spared

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17
Q

does LMN have forehead sparing?

A

no

18
Q

management of Bell’s palsy

A 
prednisolone
lubricating eyedrops (exposure keratopathy)
19
Q

where is the bony labyrinth located?

A

petrous part of the temporal bone with perilymph

20
Q

what does the bony labyrinth consist of?

A

cochlea
vestibule
three semi-circular canals

21
Q

where is the membranous labyrinth?

A

within the bony labyrinth

22
Q

what does the membranous labyrinth consist of?

A

cochlear duct
semi-circular ducts
utricle
saccule

filled with endolymph

23
Q

congenital causes of SNHL

A 
Connexin 26 GJB2
Waardenburg's (AD)
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
Stickler (AD)
Usher's (AR)
Pendred's (AR)
24
Q

RF for congenital SNHL

A 
FH
maternal infection
craniofacial abnormalities
LBW
hyperbilirubinaemia
ototoxic medication
meningitis
low APGAR
25
Q

pathway for testing SNHL in children

A

new-born screening
objective audiometry
auditory brainstem response audiogram

26
Q

non-genetic causes of SNHL

A 
maternal infections (rubella, chickenpox, CMV, HIV, strep)
alcohol/ drug misuse
inflammatory (meningitis, labyrinthitis)
AI (sarcoidosis, RA, GPA)
27
Q

noise-induced hearing loss prolonged exposure length?

A

10+ years 8 hours a day

28
Q

what conditions is pulsatile tinnitus associated with?

A

GCA

IIH

29
Q

grading for facial palsy

A

House-Brackmann (normal is 1 and paralysis is 6)

30
Q

causes of facial palsy

A 
stroke
vestibular schwannoma
Bell's palsy
herpes zoster
parotid tumour
surgery
Lyme disease
sarcoidosis
31
Q

most common procedure that risks facial nerve injury?

A

parotidectomy

when nerve is traumatised but thought to be intact then systemic steroids are used

32
Q

what is a myringotomy?

A

cut to relieve pressure of the eardrum

33
Q

what does sudden SNHL require for diagnosis?

A

at least 30dB lost in three consecutive frequencies

34
Q

what does acute release of pain in acute otitis media indicate?

A

tympanic membrane perforation

35
Q

what to consider in unilateral glue ear in adults?

A

nasopharyngeal cancer and eustachian tube obstruction

especially in smokers and people of Chinese or South East Asia origin

36
Q

OTC device for eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

otovent (patient blows into balloon using a single nostril)

37
Q

what is betahistine?

A

labyrinthine vasodilator

38
Q

risk in pinna haematoma?

A

cauliflower ear

39
Q

how can the teeth refer pain to the ear?

A

auriculo-temporal brach of the trigeminal nerve

40
Q

how can the larynx cause ear pain?

A

auricular branch of the vagus

41
Q

how can the throat cause ear pain?

A

tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal

ENT 2020 (17 decks)

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