Ear/Eye

Question 1

in glaucoma we have increased

Answer 1

ocular pressure

Question 2

goal of treatment for glaucoma

Answer 2

reduce ocular pressure

Question 3

glaucoma drugs work in 2 ways

Answer 3

reduce aqueous humor production

facilitate aqueous humor outflow

Question 4

first line agents which trt glaucoma

Answer 4

beta blockers
alpha2 adrenergic agonist
prostaglandin analogs

Question 5

prototype beta blocker

Answer 5

timoptic

Question 6

all anti-glaucoma drugs are offered as a topical trt, t or f

Answer 6

true - preferred route

Question 7

how does timoptic work

Answer 7

lowers interocular pressure by decreasing production

Question 8

what beta-blocker do we prefer for pt w/asthma or COPD

Answer 8

betaxolol (beta 1 selective)

Question 9

how do you prevent systemic absorption with eye drops

Answer 9

pressure on inner canthus for 1-3 minutes

Question 10

what has been found to be just as effective as a beta blocker with fewer side effects

Answer 10

latanoprost (prostaglandin analog)

Question 11

major s/e of latanoprost

Answer 11

makes the eye look brown - permanent if it happens

increase pigmentation of eyelashes

Question 12

the only approved alpha2 agonist for trt of glaucoma

Answer 12

brimonidine

Question 13

benefit of brimonidine

Answer 13

delays optic nerve degeneration - prevents retinal neurons from dying

Question 14

when placing eye-drops in don’t wear soft contact lens for 15 min or else drops will be absorbed by lens, t or f

Answer 14

true

Question 15

which 2nd line drug would be used for closed angle emergency

Answer 15

osmotic agents (mannitol)

Question 16

what do osmotic agents do

Answer 16

bring pressures down quickly

Question 17

when do you give drugs to dilate the eyes (cycloplegics and mydriatics)

Answer 17

surgery, eye exam

Question 18

s/e after an eye exam

Answer 18

photo-phobia and blurred vision

Question 19

prototype for retinopathy and macular-degeneration (ARMD)

Answer 19

Ranibizumab

Question 20

what class of drug is ranibizumab

Answer 20

angiogenesis inhibitor

Question 21

1st line therapy for macular degeneration

Answer 21

vitamins (ocuvite)

Question 22

2nd line therapy for macular degeneration

Answer 22

Ranibizumab

Question 23

2 other treatment methods for retinopathy and macular degeneration (ARMD)

Answer 23

laser/photo-dynamic therapy

Question 24

how does Ranibizumab work

Answer 24

binds to VEGF ((vascular endothelial growth factor) to prevent new growth from occurring

Question 25

what happens in photo-dynamic/laser therapy

Answer 25

inject vertorporfin - shine laser to activate vertorporfin - seals vessels

Question 26

downside of laser/photo-dynamic therapy

Answer 26

repeated therapy with little improvement

Question 27

downside of ranibizumab

Answer 27

expensive - proven to improve vision

Question 28

important pt. teaching with photo-dynamic therapy

Answer 28

protect skin from sunlight for 5 days - can get bad burn

Question 29

do we always treat otitis media

Answer 29

no - due to antibiotic resistance

Question 30

all children under 6 months of age are treated w/antibiotics for otitis media, t or f

Answer 30

true