Ear/Eye Flashcards
in glaucoma we have increased
ocular pressure
goal of treatment for glaucoma
reduce ocular pressure
glaucoma drugs work in 2 ways
reduce aqueous humor production
facilitate aqueous humor outflow
first line agents which trt glaucoma
beta blockers
alpha2 adrenergic agonist
prostaglandin analogs
prototype beta blocker
timoptic
all anti-glaucoma drugs are offered as a topical trt, t or f
true - preferred route
how does timoptic work
lowers interocular pressure by decreasing production
what beta-blocker do we prefer for pt w/asthma or COPD
betaxolol (beta 1 selective)
how do you prevent systemic absorption with eye drops
pressure on inner canthus for 1-3 minutes
what has been found to be just as effective as a beta blocker with fewer side effects
latanoprost (prostaglandin analog)
major s/e of latanoprost
makes the eye look brown - permanent if it happens
increase pigmentation of eyelashes
the only approved alpha2 agonist for trt of glaucoma
brimonidine
benefit of brimonidine
delays optic nerve degeneration - prevents retinal neurons from dying
when placing eye-drops in don’t wear soft contact lens for 15 min or else drops will be absorbed by lens, t or f
true
which 2nd line drug would be used for closed angle emergency
osmotic agents (mannitol)
what do osmotic agents do
bring pressures down quickly
when do you give drugs to dilate the eyes (cycloplegics and mydriatics)
surgery, eye exam
s/e after an eye exam
photo-phobia and blurred vision
prototype for retinopathy and macular-degeneration (ARMD)
Ranibizumab
what class of drug is ranibizumab
angiogenesis inhibitor
1st line therapy for macular degeneration
vitamins (ocuvite)
2nd line therapy for macular degeneration
Ranibizumab
2 other treatment methods for retinopathy and macular degeneration (ARMD)
laser/photo-dynamic therapy
how does Ranibizumab work
binds to VEGF ((vascular endothelial growth factor) to prevent new growth from occurring
what happens in photo-dynamic/laser therapy
inject vertorporfin - shine laser to activate vertorporfin - seals vessels
downside of laser/photo-dynamic therapy
repeated therapy with little improvement
downside of ranibizumab
expensive - proven to improve vision
important pt. teaching with photo-dynamic therapy
protect skin from sunlight for 5 days - can get bad burn
do we always treat otitis media
no - due to antibiotic resistance
all children under 6 months of age are treated w/antibiotics for otitis media, t or f
true
