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ENT > Ear disease > Flashcards

Ear disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is indicitive of a lower motor neurone problem

A

total inability to move the face, including forehead

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2
Q

what is looked for in an ear examination?

A

External scars
Abnormalities of ear canal eg discharge, swelling, bleeding and masses
Changes in ear drum
Swelling over mastoid
Facial Weakness
Hearing Loss

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3
Q

what are some causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

otitis externa
acute otitis media
chronic otitis media
otitis media with effusion
perforation
cholesteatoma
otosclerosis

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4
Q

what is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal
Almost always infective
May be bacterial or fungal
Common causes include water, cotton buds, skin conditions

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5
Q

what is usually used to treat otitis externa?

A

aminoglycosides
ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

what are the features of acute otitis media?

A

More common in children
Associated with glue ear
Commonly associated with URTIs

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7
Q

how is acute otitis media treated

A

leave for the first few days
then abx such as amoxicillin

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8
Q

what is the definition of chronic otitis media

A

present for >3 months

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9
Q

what are the features of otitis media with effusion?

A

More common in children
Associated with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction or Obstruction
In adults consider causes such as:
Rhinosinusitis
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma

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10
Q

what can cause perforation of the ear drum?

A

Commonly due to Acute Otitis Media
May also occur after trauma

usually heals sponateously

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11
Q

what is cholesteatoma?

A

Presence of keratin within middle ear
Erodes surrounding bone
Causes hearing loss, discharge, complications

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12
Q

how is cholesteatoma treated?

A

Generally requires surgical excision and reconstruction

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13
Q

what are some possible complications of acute otitis media and cholesteatoma?

A

Medially
-Sensorineural Hearing Loss /Tinnitus / Vertigo /
Facial Palsy
Superiorly
-Brain Abscess / Meningitis
Posteriorly
-Venous Sinus Thrombosis

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14
Q

what are the features of otosclerosis?

A

Gradual onset conductive hearing loss
More common in women
Progresses more rapidly during pregnancy
Familial
Fixation of stapes footplate
Correction by stapedectomy

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15
Q

what does noise induced hearing loss look like on an audiogram?

A

Classical dip at 4 kHz

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16
Q

which drugs are known to induce hearing loss?

A

Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides
Chemotherapeutic drugs - Cisplatin, Vincristine
Aspirin and NSAIDs (in overdose)

17
Q

what is a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Benign tumour arising in Internal Auditory Meatus

18
Q

how is a vestibular schwannoma present and diagnosed?

A

Presents with Hearing loss, tinnitus and imbalance
Diagnosis on MRI scan

19
Q

what kind of hearing loss can direct trauma cause?

A

all of them

ENT (12 decks)

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