Ear Disease Flashcards
What are the three types of hearing loss?
Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed
What are the most common causes of otitis externa?
Water exposure (e.g. swimming)
Cotton buds
Skin conditions (dermatitis,psoriasis)
What is cholesteatoma?
Presence of keratin within the middle ear
Errodes the surrounding bone
Causes hearing loss, discharge and infective complications
What is otosclerosis?
A genetic condition which causes gradual fixation of thr stales foot plate.
Results in gradual onset condutive hearing loss
More common in women - progresses more rapidly during pregnancy
What is the management for otosclerosis?
Hearing aids or stapedectomy
What are some causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
Presbycusis
Noise-induced hearing loss
Drug-induced hearing loss
What is a vestibular shwannoma ?
A benign tumour arising in the internal auditory meatus
Presents with hearing loss, tinnitus and imbalance
What is Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo?
The commonest cause of vertigo on looking up.
Happens when the octoconia from the utricle is displaced into semicircular canals.
What are some causes of BPPV?
Head trauma
Ear surgery
Idiopathic
Which manoeuvres are used treat vertigo?
Epley Manoeuvre
Semont Manoeuvre
Brandt-Daroff Exercises
What is the management of Ménière’s disease?
Supportive treatment during episodes
Tinnitus therapy
Hearing aids
Which cranial nerve is a vestibular shwannoma a tumour of?
CN VIII sheath
How does sensorineural hearing loss present on an audiogram?
Bone conduction is the same as ear conduction - no gap in lines.
What does a flat tympanogram demonstrate?
Fluid behind the ear
Which type of vertigo episode lasts for seconds?
BPPV
Which type of vertigo includes episodes of severe attacks with nausea and vomiting?
Vestibular neuritis
How is BPPV diagnosed?
Dix Hallpike test
How is BPPV treated?
Epley manoeuvre
How long do episodes of Meniere’s disease typically last?
Minutes to hours
Which symptoms are associated with a vestibular shwannoma?
Tinnitus
Loss of balance
What is the normal level of hearing on audiometry?
< 20dca
Which type of drugs cause drug induced hearing loss?
Aminoglycosides (e.g. Streptomycin)
Chemotherapy
What can cause acute ENT trauma?
FN palsy acute
Persistent CSF leak
Why would you use ear drops?
Otitis externa
Infection
Eczema of the ear
