Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > ear > Flashcards

ear Flashcards

1
Q

what are the regions of the ear

A

external ear, middle ear, inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the external ear is comprised of

A

auricle and ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

auricle is interchangeable with

A

pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the auricle/pinna

A

cartilage covered with skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the lateral vs medial portions of the auricle (number values)

A

lateral is 1/3 cartilage and medial 2/3 is the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the external ear proceeds through the

A

external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the sebaceous and ceruminous glands produce

A

cerumen and wax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are the sebaceous or ceruminous glands located

A

the external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the external ear is separated from the middle ear by the

A

tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of shape is the tympanic membrane?

A

cone shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the umbo

A

the maximal depression of the impression of malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the impression of malleus

A

in the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the innervation of the tympanic membrane (motor or sensory)

A

sensory (somatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the external surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by the

A

auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3) and small portion of the vagus CN X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the internal surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by the

A

glossopharyngeal nerve IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the middle ear is ________ to the tympanic membrane

A

deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the superior border to the tympanic membrane

A

middle cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the floor to the middle ear

A

internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the lateral border to the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the medial border of the middle ear

A

promontory, oval and round windows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the anterior border of the middle ear

A

superior : eustachian tube
inferior: carotid wall (ICA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the posterior border of the middle ear

A

mastoid antrum/air cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the middle ear contains

A

epitympanic cavity, tympanic cavity, auditory/eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the auditory tube connects

A

middle ear and the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the purpose of auditory tube

A

equalizes air pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the auditory tube has a potential for

A

route for spread of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the innervation of the middle ear _______ & _____

A

facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the _____ nerve, innervating the middle ear, splits into three branches

A

facial nerve. greater petrosal, nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the pathway for the facial nerve to innervate the middle ear

A

internal acoustic meatus (of temporal bone)–> facial canal –> stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

describe the greater petrosal nerve

A

parasympatheric nasal mucosa glands and lacrimal gland, combines with the deep petrosal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

describe the nerve to stapedius

A

motor to stapedius (muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

describe the chorda tympani

A

taste anterior 2/3 of the tongue via geniculate ganglion (special sensory). parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the _____ nerve, innervating the middle ear, splits into 2 branches _____, and ____

A

glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve are branches of which cranial nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the tympanic nerve gives rise to the _____, located on

A

tympanic plexus, located on the promontory (medial wall of the ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

type of innervation to the tympanic nerve

A

somatic sensory to internal tympanic membras and mucosa of audiory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the lesser petrosal nerve travels through the

A

foramen ovale and synapses at the otic ganglion prior to innervating the parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle helps with

A

Helps with swallowing and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is part of which cranial nerve and has which functions

A

glossopharyngeal, taste and somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the pharynx of the tongue is innervated by which cranial nerve and has which functions

A

pharynx, somatic sensory : gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

describe the petrous part of the temporal bone and what it houses

A

pyramid shaped and houses the components of the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what are the regions of the inner ear

A

auditory apparatus, vestibular apparatus and vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the auditory apparatus is responsible for ______ and its is positioned ____

A

hearing , anteromedial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the auditory apparatus contains

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

vestibular apparatus is responsible for _____ and its is positioned _____

A

balance, posterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the vestibular apparatus contains

A

fluid filled semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

the vestibule is the ____ cavity containing the _____-

A

central, oval window

49
Q

what is the oval window

A

opening from the middle ear to inner ear

50
Q

the round window allows for

A

pressure to be released

51
Q

is special sensory information involved in the inner ear?

A

yes

52
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve goes through _____ to innervate the inner ear in what forms ?

A

internal acoustic meatus the cochlear and vestibular nerves

53
Q

the cochlear nerve is responsible for

A

hearing

54
Q

the vestibular nerve is responsible for

A

balance

55
Q

the cranial nerves responsible for inner ear innervation

A

vestibulocochlear and facial nerves

56
Q

facial nerve goes through _____ to innervate the inner ear in what forms

A

through the internal acoustic meatus with the greater petrosal and chorda tympani branching off after CN VIII

57
Q

what are the auditory ossicles and their function

A

3 small bones in the middle ear transmit sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear

58
Q

what are the names of the auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus and stapes

59
Q

another name for malleus

A

AKA the hammer

60
Q

another name for incus

A

anvil

61
Q

another name for stapes and fun fact

A

stirrup, smallest bone in the body

62
Q

function and innervation of the malleus

A

attached to tensory tympani (innervated by CNV3) which dampens loud sounds (chewing, shouting, thunder)

63
Q

function and innervation of the stapes

A

attached to stapedius (innervated by CN VII facial nerve)

64
Q

what is the function of the stapedius

A

stabilizes the stapes to reduce vibration from loud noises

65
Q

what occurs if the stapedius is injured?

A

hyperacusis (excessive auditory acuity on the injured side

66
Q

the stapes protects

A

the inner ear

67
Q

otitis media is a _______ _____ infection

A

a middle ear infection

68
Q

otitis media causes

A

inflammation behind the tympanic membrane

69
Q

symptoms of otitis media

A

ear pain, hearing difficulties, loss of balance, fullness/pressure in ear, drainage in ear

70
Q

mastoiditis occurs when

A

media spread to mastoid ear cells in the posteriro aspect of the middle ear

71
Q

mastoiditis causes _____ behind the ear

A

swelling

72
Q

what are the things you should be able to see on a otoscopic exam

A
  1. cone of light
  2. handle of malleus
  3. UMBO
  4. long limb of incus
  5. posterior limb of stapes
73
Q

the tympanic membrane lies at the ____ aspect of the external auditory canal

A

medial

74
Q

behind and below the ear canal is the _______ portion of the temporal bone

A

mastoid

75
Q

the mastoid process is palpable where?

A

behind the lobule

76
Q

The ossicles are attached to the center of the tympanic membrane by the ________

A

malleus handle (with the Umbo at inferior tip)

77
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube

A

ventilate the middle ear space and allow for pressure regulation. also drains mucus from the middle ear into the nasopharynx

78
Q

the middle ear connects to the _____pharynx via the

A

naso, proximal end of the eustachian tube

79
Q

which canals sense rotational movements and where are they located

A

semicircular and they are located in the inner ear

80
Q

what system senses the position and movements of the head, contributing to overall sense of balance?

A

vestibular sustem

81
Q

what senses linear movements ? examples

A

otolith organs, saccule and utricle

82
Q

what are the 4 components of an ear exam

A

inspection, palpation, otoscopic examination and special tests

83
Q

what is palpated during an ear exam

A

auricles/tragi/mastoids: tenderness, nodules, edema

84
Q

during the inspection portion of an ear exam you are inspecting for _______ of ______

A

deformities, masses or skin lesions of auricles

85
Q

tests for palpation of the ear is

A

moving auricle (tug test) and pressing tragus

86
Q

gross auditory acuity test of the ear exam is testing which cranial nerve

A

VIII

87
Q

describe the gross auditory acuity test

A

finger rub one ear at a time with the opposite ear occluded or whisper a two syllable word (under same circumstances) and ask pt to repead

88
Q

compare bone and air conduction

A

air describes normal first phase in hearing pathway, sound waves from external to middle ear

89
Q

what are the phases of the hearing pathways of the ear exam

A

conductive phase and sensorineural phase

90
Q

describe the conductive phase

A

first part of the pathway, external ear through middle ear

91
Q

describe the sensorineural phase

A

second part of the pathway involving the cochlea and the cochlear branch of CN VIII

92
Q

which phase is the second part of the pathway and which is the first

A

second is sensorineural and first is conductive

93
Q

on an otoscopic ear exam, we examine the tympanic membranes for

A

color, contour, malleus, cone of light and perforations

94
Q

on an otoscopic ear exam, we examine the ear canals for

A

discharge, foreign bodies, erytherma, edema, cerumen, masses

95
Q

the external and middle ear are part of what phase of the hearing pathway

A

conductive

96
Q

the inner ear is part of what phase of the hearing pathway

A

sensorineural

97
Q

hearing disorders of the external or middle ear cause ______ hearing loss

A

conductive

98
Q

hearing orders of the inner ear cause _______ hearing loss

A

sensorineural

99
Q

describe air conduction

A

formal first phase in the hearing pathway, sound waves from external to middle ear

100
Q

describe bone conduction

A

bypasses the external and middle ear, specific to physical exam

101
Q

is air or bone conduction more sensitive for those with NORMAL hearing

A

air conduction

101
Q

the mobility of the tympanic membrane is checked with

A

pneumatic otoscope

102
Q

otitis externa aka ______ is inflammation of _____. where is the pain

A

swimmers ear, inflammation of external ear canal

103
Q

in otitis externa, movement of ____ is painful

A

auricle and tragus

104
Q

acute otitis externa can present with

A

discharge

105
Q

what are the similarities and differences between acute otitis media and serous otitis media?

A

similarities : both otitis media

acute is infectious and serous is non-infectious

106
Q

with otitis media you should make sure you ask about associated

A

fever, sore throat, cough, and concurrent upper respiratory infection

107
Q

red bulging tympanic membrane with purulent effusion medial to tm is

A

acute otitis media with purulent effusion

107
Q
A
108
Q

describe otitis media with serous effusion, aka ______

A

usually develops without signs or symptoms of an ear infection, glue ear

109
Q

describe tympanic membrane perforation

A

tear in tympanic membrane leading to a connection between external auditory canal and middle ear

110
Q

rapid changes in pressure cause cause

A

tympanic membrane pressure

111
Q

describe bullous myringitis

A

infectious condition characterised by bullae or vescicles on the tympanic membrane without effecting contents of the external or middle ear

112
Q

describe tinnitus

A

perceived sound that has no external stimulus

113
Q

facts about tinnitus

A

may accompany hearing loss and increases in frequency with age

114
Q

describe exostosis

A

benign irreversible bone growth growing into and blocking the ear canal

115
Q

cause of exostosis

A

response to repeated exposure to cold water or cold air over a period of time

116
Q

surfers ear is

A

exostosis

anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions