Ear

Question 1

Xtics of child eustachian tube

Answer 1

Short
Narrow
Horizontal

Question 2

Which quadrant is cone of light found

Significance

Answer 2

Anterior inferior

Myringotomy

Question 3

Healing

Pars tensa
Pars flaccida

Answer 3

Fine

Complications

Question 4

Mucoid discharge from ear

Answer 4

Middle ear infections

Question 5

Halo sign present in which symptom

Answer 5

CSF otorrhea

Question 6

Risk factors for otitis external

Answer 6

Ph changes - warm humid environment

Anatomic obstruction - EAC stenosis, exostoses, wax impactions

Disrupted epithelium - ears picking, hearing aid

Question 7

Classification of Otitis external(2)

Answer 7

Infective(dermatitis) circumscribed

Reactive (Dermatosis)
Diffused

Question 8

Further classification under the broad

Answer 8

Infective

Bacteria
Specific(lupus vulgaris)
Nonspecific

Malignant otitis

Fungal otomycosis

Viral

Reactive
Seborrheic/ Psoriatic dermatitis

Neurodermatitis

Allergic dermatitis

Eczematous

Question 9

Cause of malignant otitis and associated risk factors

Answer 9

P. aeuroginosa

Steroids, DM, Chemotherapy

Question 10

Treatment of otitis externa

Answer 10

Pain relief
Warm compresses
Aural toileting, suctioning, irrigation

Surgical
Treating stenosis and perichondritis
Debridement or necrectomy

Question 11

Otitis media timeline

Acute

Subacute

Chronic

Answer 11

3-4 weeks

To 3 months

3 months and above

Question 12

Subtypes under the chronic

Answer 12

Nonspecific
OME
CSOM w/o cholesteatoma
Adhesive otitis
Tympanosclerosis
Cholesterol granuloma
Atelectatic ear

Specific
TB
Syphilis

Question 13

Disease progression in OM

Answer 13

Antecedent viral URTI

Initiation of infection cascade

Release of inflammatory mediators

Bacterial colonization and adherence

Host immune suppression

Question 14

Microbes in acute OM in order decreasing order

Answer 14

Strep pneumonia
H. Influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Hemolytic streptococcus

Question 15

Microbes in chronic

Answer 15

Pseudomonas
Proteus
E coli
B. Fragilis
S. Aureus, albus

Question 16

Stages of acute otitis media

Answer 16

Stage 1 - Hyperemia on the periphery of the eardrum

Stage 2 - Exudation or pre suppurative phase

Stage 3 - Suppurative phase

Stage 4 - Surgical Mastoiditis

Question 17

Lighthouse sign associated with which stage

Answer 17

Stage 3

Question 18

Loss of landmarks associated with which stage

Answer 18

Stage 2

Question 19

Treatment of otitis media

Answer 19

General - Bed rest, sedation

Medical - Antibiotics, analgesia, antipyeretics, naal drop, ear drops, steroids

Surgical - Myringotomy, Mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, ossiculopasty

Question 20

How long are you to take antibiotics in OM

Answer 20

> or equal to 2 weeks

Question 21

Complications

Answer 21

Intratemporal

CHL
SNHL
Retraction pockets
Mastoiditis
Facial paralysis
Cholesteatoma
Tympanosclerosis
Cholesterol granuloma

Intracranial
Meningitis
Extradural abscess
Subdural abscess

Question 22

Tinnutus

Answer 22

Perception of sound not generated from the environment

Question 23

Causes of objective tinnitus

Answer 23

Vascular
AV malformations
Glomus tumors
Jugular bulb anomalies
Carotid stenosis

Myogenic
Palatial myoclonus
Stapedius muscle contraction
Tensor tympani

Question 24

Pathogenesis of subjective tinnitus

Answer 24

Cochlear pathology
Neural
Central
Jastreboff

Question 25

Ototoxicity Cochlea toxicity greater than vestibule toxicity Vest more Equal

Answer 25

Amikacin Kanamycin Dihydrostreptomycin Gentamicin Streptomycin Tobramycin

Question 26

Which drug has the highest incidence of toxicity

Answer 26

Neomycin

Question 27

Which drug has the lowest incidence of toxicity

Answer 27

Netilmycin

Question 28

Pathogenesis of ototoxicity

Answer 28

Hair cell death Degeneration of the stria vascular Degeneration of sensory epithelia (in organ of Corti and vestibular labyrinth)

Question 29

Ototoxicity In the cochlear, Injury to OHC greater than IHC Base greater than apex

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Ototoxic drugs that potentially other ototoxic drugs

Answer 30

Vancomycin | Loop diuretic

Question 31

Reversible ototoxic drug

Answer 31

NSAIDS Antimalarials Erythromycin

Question 32

Irreversible in children

Answer 32

Loop diuretics

Question 33

Menierre disease

Answer 33

Idiopathic inner ear disorder due to overproduction of endolymph

Question 34

Triad of MD

Answer 34

Progressive SNHL Vertigo(preceded by aural fulness) Tinnitus(subjective)

Question 35

Peak incidence of MD

Answer 35

Fifth decade

Question 36

Pathogenesis of labyrinthis

Answer 36

Viral infection Meningitis Otitis media

Question 37

3 stages of kabyrinthitis

Answer 37

Acute Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, hearing loss, tinnitus Chronic Total deafness in affected eD and absence of caloric reaction Healed After 6 months Relief from symptoms because other ear is compensating for

Question 38

Otosclerosis

Answer 38

Inner ear condition

Question 39

Hearing loss in otosclerosis

Answer 39

Billateral

Question 40

Etiology of otosclerosis

Answer 40

Genetic Viral measles Hormonal Metabolic

Question 41

Pathogenesis of labyrinthis

Answer 41

Viral infection Meningitis Otitis media

Question 42

3 stages of kabyrinthitis

Answer 42

Acute Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, hearing loss, tinnitus Chronic Total deafness in affected eD and absence of caloric reaction Healed After 6 months Relief from symptoms because other ear is compensating for

Question 43

Otosclerosis

Answer 43

Inner ear condition

Question 44

Hearing loss in otosclerosis

Answer 44

Billateral

Question 45

Etiology of otosclerosis

Answer 45

Genetic Viral measles Hormonal Metabolic

Question 46

Location of otosclerosis

Answer 46

Anterior to oval window Border of round window Anterior to promontory

Question 47

Schwartz sign

Answer 47

In otosclerosjs Red blush on promontory seen through the TM in early disease

Question 48

Surgical treatment

Answer 48

Stapedotomy