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ENT > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Xtics of child eustachian tube

A

Short
Narrow
Horizontal

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2
Q

Which quadrant is cone of light found

Significance

A

Anterior inferior

Myringotomy

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3
Q

Healing

Pars tensa
Pars flaccida

A

Fine

Complications

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4
Q

Mucoid discharge from ear

A

Middle ear infections

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5
Q

Halo sign present in which symptom

A

CSF otorrhea

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6
Q

Risk factors for otitis external

A

Ph changes - warm humid environment

Anatomic obstruction - EAC stenosis, exostoses, wax impactions

Disrupted epithelium - ears picking, hearing aid

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7
Q

Classification of Otitis external(2)

A

Infective(dermatitis) circumscribed

Reactive (Dermatosis)
Diffused

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8
Q

Further classification under the broad

A

Infective

Bacteria
Specific(lupus vulgaris)
Nonspecific

Malignant otitis

Fungal otomycosis

Viral

Reactive
Seborrheic/ Psoriatic dermatitis

Neurodermatitis

Allergic dermatitis

Eczematous

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9
Q

Cause of malignant otitis and associated risk factors

A

P. aeuroginosa

Steroids, DM, Chemotherapy

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10
Q

Treatment of otitis externa

A

Pain relief
Warm compresses
Aural toileting, suctioning, irrigation

Surgical
Treating stenosis and perichondritis
Debridement or necrectomy

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11
Q

Otitis media timeline

Acute

Subacute

Chronic

A

3-4 weeks

To 3 months

3 months and above

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12
Q

Subtypes under the chronic

A 
Nonspecific
OME
CSOM w/o cholesteatoma
Adhesive otitis
Tympanosclerosis
Cholesterol granuloma
Atelectatic ear

Specific
TB
Syphilis

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13
Q

Disease progression in OM

A

Antecedent viral URTI

Initiation of infection cascade

Release of inflammatory mediators

Bacterial colonization and adherence

Host immune suppression

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14
Q

Microbes in acute OM in order decreasing order

A

Strep pneumonia
H. Influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Hemolytic streptococcus

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15
Q

Microbes in chronic

A 
Pseudomonas
Proteus
E coli
B. Fragilis
S. Aureus, albus
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16
Q

Stages of acute otitis media

A

Stage 1 - Hyperemia on the periphery of the eardrum

Stage 2 - Exudation or pre suppurative phase

Stage 3 - Suppurative phase

Stage 4 - Surgical Mastoiditis

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17
Q

Lighthouse sign associated with which stage

A

Stage 3

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18
Q

Loss of landmarks associated with which stage

A

Stage 2

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19
Q

Treatment of otitis media

A

General - Bed rest, sedation

Medical - Antibiotics, analgesia, antipyeretics, naal drop, ear drops, steroids

Surgical - Myringotomy, Mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, ossiculopasty

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20
Q

How long are you to take antibiotics in OM

A

> or equal to 2 weeks

21
Q

Complications

A

Intratemporal

CHL
SNHL
Retraction pockets
Mastoiditis
Facial paralysis
Cholesteatoma
Tympanosclerosis
Cholesterol granuloma

Intracranial
Meningitis
Extradural abscess
Subdural abscess

22
Q

Tinnutus

A

Perception of sound not generated from the environment

23
Q

Causes of objective tinnitus

A 
Vascular
AV malformations
Glomus tumors
Jugular bulb anomalies
Carotid stenosis

Myogenic
Palatial myoclonus
Stapedius muscle contraction
Tensor tympani

24
Q

Pathogenesis of subjective tinnitus

A

Cochlear pathology
Neural
Central
Jastreboff

25
Q

Ototoxicity

Cochlea toxicity greater than vestibule toxicity

Vest more

Equal

A

Amikacin
Kanamycin
Dihydrostreptomycin

Gentamicin
Streptomycin

Tobramycin

26
Q

Which drug has the highest incidence of toxicity

A

Neomycin

27
Q

Which drug has the lowest incidence of toxicity

A

Netilmycin

28
Q

Pathogenesis of ototoxicity

A

Hair cell death

Degeneration of the stria vascular
Degeneration of sensory epithelia (in organ of Corti and vestibular labyrinth)

29
Q

Ototoxicity

In the cochlear,

Injury to OHC greater than IHC

Base greater than apex

A

True

30
Q

Ototoxic drugs that potentially other ototoxic drugs

A

Vancomycin

Loop diuretic

31
Q

Reversible ototoxic drug

A

NSAIDS
Antimalarials
Erythromycin

32
Q

Irreversible in children

A

Loop diuretics

33
Q

Menierre disease

A

Idiopathic inner ear disorder due to overproduction of endolymph

34
Q

Triad of MD

A

Progressive SNHL
Vertigo(preceded by aural fulness)
Tinnitus(subjective)

35
Q

Peak incidence of MD

A

Fifth decade

36
Q

Pathogenesis of labyrinthis

A

Viral infection
Meningitis
Otitis media

37
Q

3 stages of kabyrinthitis

A

Acute
Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, hearing loss, tinnitus

Chronic
Total deafness in affected eD and absence of caloric reaction

Healed
After 6 months
Relief from symptoms because other ear is compensating for

38
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Inner ear condition

39
Q

Hearing loss in otosclerosis

A

Billateral

40
Q

Etiology of otosclerosis

A

Genetic
Viral measles
Hormonal
Metabolic

41
Q

Pathogenesis of labyrinthis

A

Viral infection
Meningitis
Otitis media

42
Q

3 stages of kabyrinthitis

A

Acute
Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, hearing loss, tinnitus

Chronic
Total deafness in affected eD and absence of caloric reaction

Healed
After 6 months
Relief from symptoms because other ear is compensating for

43
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Inner ear condition

44
Q

Hearing loss in otosclerosis

A

Billateral

45
Q

Etiology of otosclerosis

A

Genetic
Viral measles
Hormonal
Metabolic

46
Q

Location of otosclerosis

A

Anterior to oval window
Border of round window
Anterior to promontory

47
Q

Schwartz sign

A

In otosclerosjs

Red blush on promontory seen through the TM in early disease

48
Q

Surgical treatment

A

Stapedotomy

ENT (9 decks)

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