allergic rhinitis Flashcards
1
Q
defintion
A
This is an immunoglobulin E mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the mucous membrane of the nasal and the other upper airway tract
2
Q
name of reacting tissue
A
shock organ
3
Q
name of offending substances
A
allergens
4
Q
co morbidities of allergic rhinitis
A
allergic conjunctivitis
sinusitis
eustachian tube obstruction
otitis media
5
Q
types of allergens
A
aeroallergens. e.g. dust, pollen
ingestants e.g. egg, milk, cold drinks
6
Q
forms of allergy
A
seasonal
perennial
7
Q
pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis
A
allergen exposure release of histamine from mast cells contraction of endothelial cells in vessels of nose fluid escapes result in swelling of nasal passages excess mucus producion sneezing etc
8
Q
symptoms
A
- Frequent sneezing.
- Nasal blockage .
- Rhinorrhoea - Mucoid .
- Itching of Ears, Nose, Throat and Eyes .
- Dry cough
9
Q
investigations
A
- Nasal smear - spread on directly on a clean glass slide - Eosinophil cells.
- Skin Prick Test -
- Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test ( RAST )
10
Q
management
A
- Allergen avoidance.
2.Anti-allergic drugs - for Sneezing and Itching.
a , Antihistamine -ie. Histamine antagonist eg. Terfinadine (Allergist) , Astimizole (Hismanal) , Cetirizine (Loratyn, Histazine, Rhizin), Fexofenadine hydrochloride (Telfast) Desloratadine (AERIUS)
b, Local Corticosteroids - for prevention eg. Beclametasone (Beconase),
c, Mast cell stabilizer –Cromolyn sulphate, Disodium cromoglygate, -( Rhinocrom ) effective prophylactic
d, Nasal decongestantsFluticasone (Flixonase), Mometasone furoate (Nasonex), Fluticasone furoate (Avamys)
11
Q
immunotherapy
A
This involves serial subcutaneous injections of immunogenic extracts of relevant allergens administered in progressively increasing doses until a potent immunogenic dose or maximal tolerated dose is achieved.
