EAPP L2 Flashcards
According to _____, academic language represents the language demands of school (academics).
Herr (2007)
includes language used in textbooks, in classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline.
Academic Language
Features of Academic Writing
Formality
Objectivity
Complexity
Caution
Explicitness
Academic writing requires ____ in terms of language use and structure.
sophistication
since our audience are fellow members of the academic community, the language used requires precision to make it a “legitimate” piece of writing.
Formality
formal in the choice of language.
Formality
Choosing expanded modal forms over contracted forms.
*cannot instead of can’t
*do not instead of don’t
*I will instead of I’ll
Choosing one verb forms over two word verbs.
*damage instead of messed up *cancel instead of call off
*reject instead of turn down
*reduce instead of cut down
Choosing expanded terms over its abbreviated equivalents.
*as soon as possible instead of ASAP
*Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome instead of AIDS
*Pay per view instead of PPV
Avoiding colloquial/trite/idiomatic expressions
*kind of like (use Somewhat or rather)
*a lot (use Several or Many)
*a bit (use Several or Many)
Academic writing should be expressed in general _______
objective rather than personal.
Your writing must be impersonal and needs to be free of emotions.
Objectivity
perfectly clear in meaning; fully revealed or expressed without ambiguity :
Explicit
it will leave no doubt about the single purpose of the text.
Explicitness
words and phrases that guide the reader through the content of an academic text.
Signposting
allow your readers to trace the relationship between various parts found in your study or academic text.
Signposting
Also called transition words and phrases which guide the readers by linking ideas, sentences and paragraphs in a text.
Linking words and short phrases
ensure that readers do not get lost.
Signposting
“carry a reader from section to section”.
Bridges
Different Linking words/phrases:
To add more ideas
again, furthermore, in addition, moreover
Different Linking words/phrases:
To compare or contrast ideas:
alternatively, contrastingly, conversely, whereas
These phrases signal key aspects of the work, such as introduction, conclusions, purpose, structure, author’s stance, main points, direction of the argument.
Major Signposts
Different Linking words/phrases:
To prove something:
evidently, for this reason, because, inevitably
academic writing requires _____ or tentative language to avoid sweeping generalizations.
caution
*In academic writing, it is important to be cautious in one’s statements so as to distinguish between facts and claims.
Caution
Caution is commonly known as ______
hedging
the use of linguistic devices to express hesitation or uncertainty as well as to demonstrate politeness and indirectness.
Hedging
is to avoid answering a question, making a clear, direct statement, or committing yourself to a particular action or decision.
To Hedge
Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language.
Complexity
Academic text is ____ than spoken language more specifically in terms of grammar and sentence construction.
more complex
Other features of academic writing
6.Responsibility
7.Precision
8.Accuracy
9.Planned and Organized
_______ is used which is different from the language we speak daily.
The standard form of English
a)demonstrating knowledge about the text.
Responsibility
b)providing evidence and justification for any claims you make (through summarizing, paraphrasing, citation).
Responsibility
facts and figures are given precisely, e.g. Do not use “a lot of people” when you can say “50 million people”.
Precision
vocabulary words should be used accurately. Choose words correctly.
Accuracy
academic writing is well planned and organized.
Planned and Organized
