E4 Flashcards
Olfactory glands _______
A) house the sense of smell.
B) regenerate to form new olfactory epithelium.
C) react to aromatic molecules.
D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
E) group as olfactory bulbs.
coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus
Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain?
A) pons
B) cerebellum
C) thalamus
D) cerebrum
E) medulla oblongata
cerebrum
Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to _________
A) contact a basal cell.
B) bind to receptors on olfactory dendrites.
C) open ion channels.
D) respond to applied pressure.
E) be transported to the olfactory bulbs.
bind to receptors on olfactory dendrites
Which of the following is TRUE of olfactory discrimination?
A) There are 6 primary smells known.
B) The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age.
C) All odorants require the same concentration to activate an olfactory receptor.
D) There are different types of olfactory receptor cells to detect each type of odorant.
E) The olfactory receptor population does not divide.
The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age
All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except which one?
A) They project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus.
B) Neurons from the olfactory epithelium synapse in the olfactory bulb.
C) Information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
D) They reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
E) The limbic system-olfactory pathway connection means that there are close ties between experiences and memories with smell.
They project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus
Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?
A) olfaction
B) hearing
C) equilibrium
D) proprioception
E) vision
olfaction
A normal, relaxed inhalation carries about ________ of the inhaled air to the olfactory organs.
A) 50 percent
B) 8 percent
C) 2 percent
D) 35 percent
E) 10 percent
2 percent
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the
A) medulla oblongata.
B) medial geniculate.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) olfactory bulb.
E) olfactory tract.
olfactory bulb
Olfactory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the perforated bony structure known as the
A) cribriform plate.
B) sphenoid bone.
C) sella turcica.
D) vomer.
E) zygomatic process.
cribriform plate
The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria.
A) gustatory cells
B) basilar membrane
C) olfactory epithelium
D) hippocampus
E) ethmoid bone
olfactory epithelium
The olfactory receptors are highly modified
A) epithelial cells.
B) interneurons.
C) sensory neurons.
D) motor neurons.
E) neuroglial cells.
sensory neurons
Which of the following types of sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex directly?
A) visual
B) hearing
C) equilibrium
D) olfactory
E) gustatory
olfactory
When odorant molecules contact the dendritic processes of olfactory receptors the initial response is
A) an action potential.
B) activation of a kinase.
C) a generator potential.
D) a hyperpolarization potential.
E) a conversion of 11-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal.
a generator potential
During a sinus infection it is difficult to smell because
A) basal cell division decreases.
B) olfactory glands stop producing mucus.
C) olfactory supporting cells block odorant molecules from reaching the receptors.
D) the hypothalamus stops responding to olfactory stimulation.
E) excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors.
excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors
Damage to the insula is most likely to affect which of the following senses?
A) olfaction
B) gustation
C) vision
D) hearing
E) equilibrium
gustation
Our taste buds are most receptive to which of the following types of compounds?
A) sweet
B) salty
C) sweet and salty
D) bitter
E) umami
bitter
As we age
A) taste bud sensitivity increases.
B) taste bud sensitivity doubles.
C) the number of taste buds increases.
D) the number of taste buds decreases.
E) the number of taste buds decreases but the number of olfactory receptors increases to compensate.
the number of taste buds decreases
Which of the following correctly states how a gustatory receptor will be stimulated by an acidic or sour compound?
A) G proteins will be activated.
B) Hydrogen ions will diffuse into the receptor cell causing depolarization.
C) Sodium ions will diffuse into the receptor cell causing depolarization.
D) Second messengers will be activated.
E) Adenylate cyclase will be activated.
Sodium ions will diffuse into the receptor cell causing depolarization
The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of
A) photoreceptors in the eye.
B) mechanoreceptors in the ear.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) lamellar corpuscles.
E) proprioceptors.
olfactory receptors
Which of the following lingual papillae has the largest number of taste buds?
A) pharynx
B) foliate papillae
C) filiform papillae
D) fungiform papillae
E) vallate papillae
vallate papillae
Destruction to your left glossopharyngeal nerve would result in
A) inability to sense sweetness at the tip of your tongue.
B) inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue.
C) inability to smell.
D) inability to see.
E) inability to hear.
inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue.
Stimulation of receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of
A) intensely sweet.
B) intensely sour.
C) quite salty.
D) peppery hot.
E) bitter.
peppery hot
An adult has approximately ________ taste buds.
A) 100
B) 10,000
C) 4,000,000
D) 500
E) 50,000
10,000
A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve
A) VII.
B) III.
C) IX.
D) V.
E) XII.
V