E3 Prevent CVD Flashcards
define cardiovascular disease (CVD)
-any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
-leading cause of death globally- 16 million per annum
-expected to increase
What are the types of CVDs
-arteriosclerosis
-atherosclerosis
-coronary heart disease (CHD)
-heart attack
-stroke
hypertension
define arteriosclerosis
A group of diseases characterized by a narrowing, or “hardening,” of the arteries
define atherosclerosis
A type of arteriosclerosis that results in arterial blockage due to buildup of a fatty deposit
inside the blood vessel
define coronary heart disease
Disease that results
from the atherosclerotic plaque blocking one or more
coronary arteries; also called coronary artery disease
define a stroke
Brain damage that occurs when the blood supply to
the brain is reduced for a prolonged period of time
– Can cause loss of memory, speech problems, disturbed
vision, paralysis, or death
what is systolic and diastolic pressure
▪ Systolic pressure—pressure when heart contracts
▪ Diastolic pressure—pressure when heart relaxes
expressed as- S/D
what are the hypertension values
values >140/90
What are the signs of a heart attack
- Mild to moderate pain in the chest that may spread to the
shoulders, neck, or arms - Uncomfortable pressure or sensation of fullness in the
chest - Severe pain in the chest
- Dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of
breath
*symptoms vary—women often
have symptoms unrelated to chest pain such as pain in the
neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back, or abdominal discomfort
what are the risk factors for CHD
-smoking
Nic increases heart rate, BP and chance of arrhythmias- can cause sudden cardiac death
-hypertension
-high blood cholesterol (LDL)
Total cholesterol (measure of all fractions of cholesterol in blood) should be less than 200 mg/dL
-physical inactivity
-diabetes mellitus
-obesity
-heredity
-gender
men have higher risk
-age
what are contributory risk factors
secondary risk factors
what are the contributory risk factors
-stress
-alcohol
-diet
