E.1 Structure of the atom HL

Question 1

Deviation in Rutherford Scattering

Answer 1

At high energies, deviations from expected scattering patterns indicate the presence of the strong nuclear force.

Question 2

Distance of Closest Approach

Answer 2

The minimum distance an alpha particle can approach the nucleus, influenced by its kinetic energy and the electric force.

Question 3

Nuclear Densities

Answer 3

All atomic nuclei have the same density, regardless of size, indicated by the relationship between nucleon number and nuclear radius.

Question 4

Bohr’s Hypothesis

Answer 4

Bohr proposed that electrons in a hydrogen atom move in orbits with quantized angular momenta, explaining discrete energy levels.

Question 5

Energy Level Formula (Bohr Model)

Answer 5

The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is given by a specific formula that includes the principal quantum number.

Question 6

Angular Momentum Quantization

Answer 6

Electron angular momentum in a hydrogen atom takes on discrete values, leading to quantized orbits and energy levels.

Question 7

Planck’s Constant

Answer 7

A fundamental constant used in quantum mechanics, symbolizing the quantization of energy and momentum in the atomic and subatomic realms.

Question 8

Electronvolt (eV)

Answer 8

A unit of energy used to express atomic and subatomic energy levels.

Question 9

Ground State

Answer 9

The lowest energy state of an atom, where an electron is in the closest orbit to the nucleus.

Question 10

Excited State

Answer 10

Any energy state of an atom higher than the ground state, achieved by absorbing energy.