B.3 Gas laws

Question 1

Pressure (P)

Answer 1

Force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Calculated as P=F/A

dividing force by the area over which the force is distributed.

Question 2

Ideal Gas Characteristics

Answer 2

No intermolecular forces, volume of particles is negligible, particles move randomly and at high speeds, collisions are perfectly elastic, and duration of a collision is negligible.

Question 3

Conditions for an Ideal Gas

Answer 3

High temperature, low pressure, and low density enhance the approximation of a real gas by an ideal gas.

Question 4

Kinetic Model of an Ideal Gas

Answer 4

Explains gas behavior based on the motion of particles, assuming a very large number of particles and zero potential energy between them.

Question 5

Mole (mol)

Answer 5

The SI unit for the amount of substance, equivalent to 6.02×10^23 (Avogadro’s number) of particles.

Question 6

Avogadro’s Constant

Answer 6

The number of particles in one mole of substance

Question 7

Calculation of Pressure

Answer 7

P=F/A, where P is pressure, F is the force applied perpendicular to the surface, and A is the area over which the force is distributed.

Question 8

Boyle’s Law

Answer 8

At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume Pa1/v or PV = constant

Question 9

Charles’ Law

Answer 9

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin.

Question 10

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Answer 10

At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin

Question 11

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 11

Relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of a gas. PV = nRT where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Question 12

Avogadro’s Principle

Answer 12

Equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules

Question 13

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 13

Describes a gas as a large number of small particles, all of which are in constant, random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container.

Question 14

Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas

Answer 14

The internal energy of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature. For a monatomic ideal gas