E1. Inflammation

Question 1

What can trigger an immune response

Answer 1

1. Infection
2. Chemical damage
3. Mechanical damage
   - -> leads to inflammation

Question 2

Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 2

1. Pain
2. Heat
3. Redness
4. Swelling
5. Loss of function

Question 3

What mediates the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 3

• Cells of the immune system
• Release of mediators
• Blood flow in the body
• Tissue repair

Question 4

Name the 3 phases of an inflammatory reaction

Answer 4

Silent phase: Cells resident in the damaged tissue release the first inflammatory mediators
Vascular phase: vasodilation & increased vascular permeability occur
Cellular phase: characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes to the site of injury
Silent > Vascular > cellular > resolution?

Question 5

Complement pathway

1. C3a leads to
2. C3b
3. C5a
4. C5b-9

Answer 5

1. Histamine release
2. Opsonisation: coating pathogen as foreign for elimination by phagocytes
3. Chemotaxis, histamine release, activates WBC
4. Cell lysis

Question 6

Name mediators of inflammation & roles

Answer 6

Histamine: increases vascular permeability & vasodilation
Kinins: short acting, Increase vascular permeability and vasodilation, activate phospholipase 2
Cytokines - longer acting
Leukotrienes - chemoattract/ endothelial cell stickiness

Question 7

What can a prolonged inflammatory response lead to

Answer 7

damage to the body

destruction of healthy cells and tissues

Question 8

Chronic inflammation results from failure to

Answer 8

Eliminate initiating stimulus

Question 9

What happens when the immune system fails all its check-points and tight regulations during WBC maturation

Answer 9

Recognition of self antigens (proteins) as self

Therefore will attach & try to eliminate them

Question 10

Psoriasis
SLE: Systemic Lupus erythematosus 
MS
Crohn's 
RA

Answer 10

P - a disease affecting the skin
SLE - affects joints, skin and organs
MS - affects the brain and spinal cord
C - affects GI tract, mainly small intestine
RA - affects the joints primarily