COPD

Question 1

Define COPD

Answer 1

Chronic slowly progressive disorder characterized by airflow obstruction (reduced FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio) that does not change markedly over several months. Most of the lung function impairment is fixed, although some reversibility can be produced by bronchodilator (or other) therapy
- If <0.8 = air obstruction

Question 2

Name COPD pathology

Answer 2

Mechanical obstruction.
Loss of pulmonary elastic recoil.
Reduction of the alveolar attachment around the walls of the small air ways
(Circulatory changes are confined to advanced disease)

Question 3

Clinical features of COPD

Answer 3

Symptoms: cough, sputum, dyspnea, & wheeze.

Patients who have chronic cough and sputum production with a history of exposure to risk factors should be tested for airflow limitation, even if they do not have dyspnea.

Question 4

Name types of chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

Simple mucoid bronchitis
Mucopurulent bronchitis
Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Question 5

Clinical manifestations (?of chronic bronchitis)

Answer 5

Excessive mucus production

• Bronchospasm, dyspnea and wheezing
• Hypoxia and hypercapnia (Blue in color)-elevated CO2
• Productive cough
• Increase body weight

Complications:
Cor-pulmonale = right sided heart failure due to enlargement of right ventricle due to high BP in the lungs

Question 6

Describe emphysema

name etiology

Clinical manifestations:

Answer 6

An abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls
(leads to long term lung destruction)

Cigarette smoking

Dyspnea at rest -Tachypnea (flushed appearance)
Patient will be thin