C3 Stroke

Question 1

Define Thrombosis

- what happens if the clot is large enough

Answer 1

A pathological condition that results in clot formation in a blood vessel.
- leads to ischemia

Question 2

Describe what happens if an emboli breaks off

Answer 2

can moves into smaller blood vessels, such as brain. Blood carrying O2 & glucose cant reach tissue.

Question 3

Describe DVT

Answer 3

Deep vein thrombosis
occurs at a vein deep w/in body e.g. femoral vein in leg.
(can result in pulmonary embolism if untreated)

Question 4

What are the 3 processes which contribute to DVT & what is this called

Answer 4

Virchow’s triad

1. Decreased blood flow (venous stasis)
2. Increased tendency to clot (hypercoagulability)
3. Changes to the endothelium (lining) of the blood vessel e.g. physical damage or endothelial activation

Question 5

Define pulmonary embolism

Answer 5

Blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs

Question 6

Treatment of DVT

what is the goal of treatment

Answer 6

Injectable anticoagulant is e.g. heparin or thrombin inhibitor
Oral anticoagulant e.g. warfarin (vit K antagonist)
OR thrombin inhibitor e.g. dabigatran etexilate or rivaroxaban)
Goal: prevent progression to pulmonary embolism &recurrence of thrombosis

Question 7

Pregnancy

1. Who is at risk of clotting
2. What drug is given to pregnant woman
3. Side effect of drug

Answer 7

1. Blood clots in veins are the commonest cause of death in pregnant women (linked to being overweight or obese)
2. Heparin - given to reduce risk of clots
3. may increase the risk of bleeding

Question 8

Heparin mechanism of action

2. what type of drug

Answer 8

Heparin binds to the enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III (ATIII) causing a conformational change that results in its activation. Antithrombin III in turn inhibits thrombin, factor Xa and other serine proteases by binding to the active site
2. anticoagulant