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General Medicine I > E1 Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

E1 Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for obstructive cardiomyopathy (asymmetric septal hypertrophy, IHSS)

A
  • beta-blockers
  • CCBs
  • avoid digoxin
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2
Q

S&S of left-sided congestive cardiomyopathy

A
  • gallop S3
  • pulses alternans
  • rales
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3
Q

S&S of right-sided congestive cardiomyopathy

A
  • JVD
  • enlarged liver
  • edema
  • GI (anorexia, poor appetite)
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4
Q

(3) physiologic mechanisms to treat congestive heart failure

A
  • decrease preload
  • decrease after load
  • increase contractility
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5
Q

drugs used to decrease preload associated w/congestive heart failure

A
  • diuretic

- nitrates

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6
Q

drugs used to decrease afterload associated w/congestive heart failure

A
  • hydralazine
  • CCBs
  • captopril (and other ACE inhibitors)
  • other BP lowering drugs
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7
Q

drugs used to increase contractility associated w/congestive heart failure

A

digitoxins (make you feel better but don’t improve mortality)

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8
Q

drugs of choice for heart failure

A
  • anti-renal drugs (ACE inhibitor or ARBs)

- beta blockers (may be detrimental for class IV)

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9
Q

2nd line therapy for congestive heart failure

A

beta-blockers

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10
Q

3rd line therapy for congestive heart failure

A

anti-aldosterone drugs

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11
Q

types of congestive heart failure

A
  • HTN
  • ASHD (atherosclerotic heart disease)
  • EtOH
  • endocrine (thyroid storm)
  • valvular heart disease
  • chemo drugs
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12
Q

most common cause of congestive heart failure

A
  • HTN (black > white)

- ASHD (white > black)

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13
Q

most frequent cause of hospitalization in elderly

A

heart failure

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14
Q

etiologies of heart failure

A
  • coronary artery disease
  • hypertension
  • idiopathic cardiomyopathy
  • myocarditis
  • valvular heart disease
  • familial
  • other : toxic, metabolic
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15
Q

during diagnosis / clinical exam of heart failure patient, what is included in their history?

A
  • dyspnea at rest
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • orthopnea / paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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16
Q

physical presentation of patient w/heart failure

A
  • resting tachycardia
  • S3
  • displaced apical impulse
  • JVD
  • pulmonary crackles (rales)
  • hepatojugular reflux
  • peripheral edema
17
Q

ejection fraction, heart size and common etiology of systolic dysfunction in heart failure

A

< 40% (reduced), enlarged, CAD

18
Q

ejection fraction, heart size and common etiology of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure

A

> 40% (normal), normal, HTN

19
Q

major predictors for congestive heart failure

A
  • NYHA
  • ejection fraction
  • exercise O2
  • age and sex
20
Q

minor predictors for congestive heart failure

A
  • norepinephrine levels > 600 pg/cc
  • ventricular arythmies
  • Na < 139

General Medicine I (7 decks)

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