E1 : Asthma & COPD Flashcards
term that refers to the maximum volume a patient can exhale after full inspiration
vital capacity
term that refers to the volume of air that remains in the lung following maximum expiration ; anatomic dead space
residual volume
TLC =
RV + VC
volume of air that is forcefully exhaled in 1 second, starting at TLC
FEV-1
term that refers to mid-expiratory flow rate at 50% VC
MEF-50
describe RV, VC, and TLC w/obstructive pulmonary disease
high, low, slight increase
what type of pulmonary disease is asthma and COPD?
obstructive
describe, RV, VC and TLC w/restrictive pulmonary disease
low, low, low
what type of pulmonary disease is scleroderma?
restrictive
what type of pulmonary disease involves a decreased FEV-1?
obstructive
which measurement indicates earliest signs of small airway disease (e.g. early asthma)?
MEF-50
in non-smokers w/no lung disease, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) vs. elderly?
100 tor, 80 tor
low PaO2 is secondary to :
- low FIO2 (high altitude)
- lung disease (also CNS) ; HYPOXEMIA
clinical states of hypoxemia
- hypoventilation
- diffusion abnormalities
describe PO2, PCO2 w/hypoventilation
low, normal/high
describe PO2, PCOT w/diffusion abnormalities
low, normal
causes of hypoventilation
- COPD (R to L shunt)
- asthma
causes of diffusion abnormalities
DESTRUCTION OF ALVEOLAR - CAPILLARY MEMBRANES
- emphysema
- inflammation
- pneumonia
how does low PaO2 stimulate ventilation?
arterial chemoreceptors (slow response)
how does low PaCO2 stimulate ventilation
CNS chemoreceptors in brain (fast response)
