E1. Calcium Drugs

Question 1

Look at the slides 4 – 6 review of calcium regulation

Answer 1

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Question 2

What are the clinical signs that occur with severe hypocalcemia?

Answer 2

Muscle fasiculation, tetany, seizures, intense face rubbing, bradycardia (cardiac signs usually aren’t clinical)look at slide 9 or more causes

Question 3

List some causes of hypocalcemia.

Answer 3

Parturient paresis (“milk fever”) in cattle and sheep, parturient eclampsia in lactating bitches, primary hypoparathyroidism (canines).

*Look at slide 8 for more causes

Question 4

Look at slide 10 for the treatment goals of hypocalcemia.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Look at slide 11-17(Slide 25 – 29 tutors).

Answer 5

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Question 6

What are some actions of vitamin D?

Answer 6

–Increase intestinal absorption of calcium/phosphorus.
– Increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium/phosphorus.
– Increased mineral bone resorption.

Question 7

What are the three drugs you can use to treat hypocalcemia with PTH deficiency being the primary cause?

Answer 7

– Ergocalciferol (Vit. D2)
– Dihydrotachysterol (DHT, synthetic Vit D2 analog)
– Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 8

Which drug would be the drug of choice to treat hypocalcemia if it was more available?
A. Ergocalciferol (Vit. D2)
B. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT, synthetic Vit D2 analog)
C. Deflated balls
D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
E. Two the above

Answer 8

B. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT, synthetic Vit D2 analog)

Question 9

Which drug is the drug of choice to treat hypocalcemia?
A. Ergocalciferol (Vit. D2)
B. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT, synthetic Vit D2 analog)
C. Deflated balls
D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
E. Two the above

Answer 9

D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 10

Which drug has a quicker clinical response time?
A. Ergocalciferol (Vit. D2)
B. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT, synthetic Vit D2 analog)
C. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
D. Two of the above have the same time

Answer 10

C. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 11

What is hard ions an acronym for?

Question 12

From the acronym hard ions, which three are the most important?

Answer 12

-Hyperparathyroidism (primary)

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of hypercalcemia? (Only a few, look at slide 20 for more)

Answer 13

– PU/PD is the most common
– listlessness, weakness, exercise intolerance
– anorexia, lethargy
– G.I. signs: vomiting, constipation

Question 14

Look at slide 21-28.

Answer 14

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Question 15

What are the treatment options for short term? (4)

Answer 15

– Normal saline diuresis
– furosemide
– sodium bicarbonate
– calcitonin

Question 16

What are the treatment options for long-term? (4)

Answer 16

– Glucocorticoids
– Bisphosphonates
– Plicamycin (mithramycin)
– other

Question 17

How does furosemide help treat hypercalcemia?

Answer 17

Inhibits calcium reabsorption, monitor hydration, supplement with potassium.