Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > E: Infective Endocarditis > Flashcards

E: Infective Endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is infective endocarditis

A

Infection of the endocardium - usually affecting valve leaflets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ‘acute’ infective endocarditis

A

Infective endocarditis in ‘native valves’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ‘subacute’ infective endocarditis

A

Infective endocarditis in damaged/diseased valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis

A

Streptococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does infective endocarditis occur

A

Secondary to bacteraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may cause bacteraemia

A

IVDU
Other infections: UTI
Dental procedures
In-dwelling peripheral venous cannula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of sub-acute infective endocarditis

A

Streptococcus viridian’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In what time does endocarditis of prosthetic valves usually present

A

within 60d post valve surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is streptococcus viridian’s associated with

A

Dental procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What may cause staphylococcus epidermis infective endocarditis

A

peripheral venous cannula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is associated with enterococci infective endocarditis

A

UTI

GI procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is streptococcus bovis infective endocarditis associated with

A

Increased risk of later developing colorectal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When may candida or aspergillum fumigates cause infective endocarditis

A

HIV patients - immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If cultures are negative but other signs are positive for infective endocarditis, what is the likely causative organism

A

Coxiella Burnetti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 4 risk factors for acute IE

A

Diabetes
Skin breach
Renal failure
Immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What valve is most commonly affected in IVDU patients

A

Tricuspid

17
Q

How does IE present

A

Fever and new-onset murmur

18
Q

What ‘hand-sign’ may indicate IE

A

Clubbing

19
Q

What are 4 signs of immune complex deposition in IE

A

Oslers nodes
Janeway lesions
Roth spots (retinal haemorrhage)
Microscopic haematuria

20
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis

A

Localised infection or contamination causes bacteraemia. Fibrin clots encase the vegetation and cause valve destruction. Bacterial thromboemboli break off and cause subsequent vessel occlusion.

21
Q

What criteria is used to diagnose infective endocarditis

A

Duke’s Criteria

22
Q

What is Duke’s criteria

A

States that for a definitive diagnosis of infective endocarditis an individual needs:

  • 2 major
  • 1 major + 3 minor
  • 5 minor
23
Q

What are the 3 ‘major criteria’ involve blood cultures

A
  1. Two organisms consistent with IE from two separate blood cultures
  2. More than 3 positive blood cultures taken more than 12h apart
  3. Positive culture for coxiella brunette
24
Q

What are 2 other ‘major criteria’ unrelated to cultures

A
  1. Consistent ECHO findings

2. New-onset valvular regurgitation

25
Q

What are the minor criteria

A

(BIG-TV)

  1. Blood Culture not meeting major criteria
  2. IVDU and other RF
  3. Glomuerlonephritis
  4. T > 38
  5. Vascular phenomenon - janeway lesions, osler nodes
26
Q

What investigations should be performed in suspected infective endocarditis

A
  1. 3 sets of blood cultures performed on 3 separate occasions at least 12h apart
  2. Transthoracic ECHO
27
Q

If a negative trans-thoracic ECHO but strong clinical decision what should be done next

A

transoesophageal ECHO

28
Q

What does treatment of IE depend on

A
  • prosthetic (or not) valve

- time following surgery

29
Q

What is treatment for IE in native valve or prosthetic valve >1y following surgery

A

GAF:

  • Gentamicin
  • Amoxicillin
  • Flucloxacillin
30
Q

Why is gentamicin given in IE

A

As it acts synergistically with flucloxacillin against streptococcus aureus

31
Q

What is treatment for IE with prosthetic valve under 1y

A

GVR:
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Rifampicin

32
Q

What prophylaxis should be given to prevent IE in dental surgery

A

None - prophylaxis for IE is not recommended

33
Q

What is a complication of acute IE

A

Heart Failure

34
Q

If a patient has undergone a dental procedure and has infective endocarditis, what is the cause

A

Streptococcus viridian’s

35
Q

If a patient has developed infective endocarditis after prosthetic valve surgery, what is the likely causative organism

A

Staphylococcus epidermis

36
Q

After how long does the spectrum of organisms that can cause infective endocarditis return to normal

A

2-months

Cardiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions