Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > 1: Angina > Flashcards

1: Angina Flashcards

1
Q

What is angina

A

symptomatic reversible myocardial ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 types of angina

A
  1. Angina Pectoris
  2. Unstable Angina
  3. Prinzmetal Angina
  4. Decubitus Angina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stable angina (Angina Pectoris)

A

Chest pain the occurs on a predictable level of exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is unstable angina

A

Angina of increasing frequency or that occurs on minimal exertion or at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is decubitus angina

A

Angina on laying flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prinzmetal (variant) angina

A

Angina due to vasospasm of the coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 risk factors for angina

A
  1. Atheroma
  2. Aortic valve disease
  3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 4 precipitating factors for angina

A

Cold
Emotion
Stress
Heavy Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are risk factors for angina

A 
Smoking
Diabetes
HTN
Age 
Dyslipidaemia
FHx (of CVD in 1st degree relative <55y)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 features of angina

A
  1. Heavy/constricting discomfort in the chest, neck, shoulder or arms
  2. Symptoms brought on by exertion
  3. Symptoms relieved by rest or GTN spray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is typical angina

A

Individual has all 3 features of angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is atypical angina

A

Individual has 2 features of angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If individual has 0-1 features of angina what is it classified as

A

Non angina chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the grading system for angina

A

Canadian cardiology society grading of angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is class I of the canadian cardiovascular society grading of angina

A

Ordinary activity does not precipitate chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is class II of the canadian cardiovascular society grading of angina

A

Angina on walking upstairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is class III of the canadian cardiovascular society grading of angina

A

Marked impairment of daily activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is class IV of the canadian cardiovascular society grading of angina

A

Chest pain at rest

19
Q

When does angina symptoms occur

A

When there >70% occlusion of a coronary artery

20
Q

What type of ischaemia does angina involve

A

subendocardial ischaemia

21
Q

What is first-line investigation for angina

A

ECG

22
Q

What blood tests may be done in angina and why

A

HbA1C
Lipid profile
U+E

23
Q

Why is an ECHO done if angina suspected

A

Ejection fraction is a strong prognostic factor

24
Q

What main Ix is used to diagnose angina

A

CT coronary angiography

25
Q

What are 3 non-invasive functional tests

A
  1. Stress ECHO
  2. myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
  3. contrast-enhanced MR perfusion scan
26
Q

What is 3rd line imaging for angina

A

invasive coronary angiography

27
Q

What is the investigation ‘work up’ for a patient with suspected angina

A
  1. CT coronary angiography
  2. Functional tests
    • Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
    • stress ECHO
    • contrast enhanced MR perfusion scan
28
Q

What is given for symptom relief for angina

A

Sublingual GTN

29
Q

Explain the usage of GTN

A

Use before predicted physical exertion or on chest pain.

If no effect after the first dose - give a second dose. If 2nd does not work after 5m call an ambulance

30
Q

What is first-line anti-anginal treatment

A

B Blocker or Calcium Channel Blocker

31
Q

What does the decision between B blocker or calcium channel blocker depend on

A

Co-morbidities

Contraindications

32
Q

What is 2nd line angina treatment

A

B blocker or Calcium channel blocker (add the one that wasn’t used originally)

33
Q

What is 3rd line angina treatment

A

Add one of:

  • Ivabradine
  • Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Nicorandil
  • Ranolazine
34
Q

What is 4th line angina treatment

A

Re-vascularisation

35
Q

When is revascularisation considered

A

If medical therapy thus far has failed

36
Q

What are the two types of revascularisation

A

PCI

CABG

37
Q

What is PCI

A

balloon inflated within the stenosed vessel

38
Q

What must be given with PCI and why

A

12 months of dual anti-platelet (aspirin and clopidogrel) due to increased risk of thrombus formation

39
Q

What does a CABG involve

A

Open heart surgery

40
Q

What is the benefit of a CABG

A

Lower probability of needing re-vascularisation

41
Q

What medication should all patients with angina be given as secondary prevention

A
  • Aspirin (75mg)

- Statin

42
Q

What lifestyle advice is given for secondary prevention of angina

A

Weight loss
Maintain physical activity
Cardioprotective diet

43
Q

When is an ACEi given

A

If angina and diabetes

44
Q

What are 3 complications of angina

A

MI
Sudden cardiac death
Severe arrhythmias

Cardiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions