E. infection control and prevention

Question 1

What is a chain of infection?

Answer 1

infectious disease spread when a pathogen leaves its reservoir, or host, through a portal of exist and interqacts through a mode of transmission and enters a portal of entry to a susceptible host

Question 2

what is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

What are examples of a pathogen

Answer 3

Bacteria, virsuses, fungi, parasites

Question 4

The reservoir is the environment where a

Answer 4

pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies

Question 5

What is a human reservior?

Answer 5

people that carry pathogens, which then can be transfered directly to another person

Question 6

what is the portal of exit?

Answer 6

the route in which the pathogen leaves the host

• respiratory tract, urine , feces , blood , etc.

Question 7

What is the portal of entry?

Answer 7

the route in which the pathogen enters a susceptible host

• typically the portal of entry in the susceptible host is the same route as the portable exit in the source host

ex - skin mucous membranes blood etc..

Question 8

the host physically touches the source of infection defines

Answer 8

direct contact

Question 9

What are examples of direct contact

Answer 9

touch of skin, kiss, sexual intercourse

Question 10

What is the most common method of transmission for pathogens?

Answer 10

direct contact

• physical touch , kiss , sex

Question 11

the source of infection is transferred through air quickly, in large particles and short distances Defines:

Answer 11

droplet spread

• mumps rubella influenza

Question 12

the host touches an object that has been infected by the source of infection defines

Answer 12

indirect contact

Question 13

What are examples of droplet spread

Answer 13

talking, coughing, sneezing

Question 14

Indirect happens through 3 ways:

Answer 14

airborne, vector-borne, and vehicle- borne transmission

Question 15

the source of infection is transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles is what type of indirect spread

Answer 15

Airborne

Question 16

Name diseases that are transmitted via airborne

Answer 16

Measles, varicella, and tuberculosis

Question 17

indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a fomite touches a person’s body or is ingested

Answer 17

vehicle- borne

Question 18

Examples of items that make something spread vehicle borne

Answer 18

Food, water, blood, fomites

Question 19

Insect or animals is an intermediate host that describes indirect transmission called

Answer 19

vector-borne

Question 20

Explain some animals that spread vector-borne

Answer 20

Fleas, ticks, mosquitos

Question 21

Where the infectious microorganism is passed is called…and is the final part of the chain of infection

Answer 21

susceptible host

• host needs to have a portal of entry

Question 22

_____ eliminates most pathogenic organisms on medical equipment

pg 27

Answer 22

disinfection

ex - alcohol , chlorine etc…

Question 23

_____ completely destroys all organisms and spores

Answer 23

sterilization

ex - steam , flash , gas sterilization

Question 24

Medical equipment that makes contact with sterile body tissues/ fluids are considered critical items and need to be

Answer 24

sterile to reduce rates of disease transmission

Question 25

After equipment is steralized what should they be

Answer 25

wrapped or placed in specific containers

Question 26

What is the most common sterilization used

Answer 26

Steam sterilization also called autoclave

Question 27

_______ is any practice that prevents the transfer of microorganisms from one person to another

Answer 27

medical aseptic technique

Question 28

Examples of medical aseptic technique

Answer 28

hand washing, cleaning the environment, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting articles and surfaces, the use of antiseptics

Question 29

what are the rules of sterile technique?

Answer 29

- sterile field exist at the level of the tabletop and waist level and up / below this level is not sterile - no one should lean over the sterile field - once the sterile item becomes wet, it is no longer sterile - contact between sterile objects and non- sterile objects should be avoided - when two sterile people are passing each other, they must pass back-to-back

Question 30

What is the most common type of PPE used? PPE - personal protective equipment

Answer 30

Gloves

Question 31

when should hand washing occur?

Answer 31

number one way to prevent nosocomial infection - used when hand are soiled - working with patient with known and/or known exposure to spores

Question 32

when should be hand sanitizer be used?

Answer 32

- used before touching patients, - between sites on patients

Question 33

What is donning?

Answer 33

Putting on PPE - ex of ppe gloves gown masks googles face shield gown

Question 34

what is doffing?

Answer 34

taking off PPE

Question 35

what are the steps to donning?

Answer 35

first put on gown, then mask respirator, then goggles, or face shield, and lastly gloves

Question 36

What are the steps to doffing?

Answer 36

First remove gloves, then remove goggles or face shield, then gown, then lastly the mask

Question 37

T/F you should recap needles?

Answer 37

False - you shouldnt

Question 38

What should you do to the patient's skin before using a needle on a patient

Answer 38

Wipe in down with alcohol

Question 39

Healthcare workers should wear gloves and gowns when in contact with the patient or the patient environment - this is called_____ precaution

Answer 39

Contact precaution

Question 40

Healthcare workers should wear a mask before entering the patients room or space- this is called_____ precaution

Answer 40

Droplet precaution

Question 41

healthcare workers should wear the proper size N95 mask or high level respirator, placing a mask on the patient will help control the source, HEPA filter or negative air-pressure room is used for patients with tuberculosis, keep patient room door closed

Answer 41

Airborne precautions

Question 42

_________ is used for immunosuppressed patients; protects patients from any infectious microorganisms the staff or visitors may have

Answer 42

Reverse isolation

Question 43

________ infections are acquired within the health care setting

Answer 43

Nosocomial infections

Question 44

What is the most common nosocomial infection reported?

Answer 44

Urinary tract infection