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patient interaction and management > E. infection control and prevention > Flashcards

E. infection control and prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chain of infection?

A

infectious disease spread when a pathogen leaves its reservoir, or host, through a portal of exist and interqacts through a mode of transmission and enters a portal of entry to a susceptible host

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2
Q

what is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease

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3
Q

What are examples of a pathogen

A

Bacteria, virsuses, fungi, parasites

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4
Q

The reservoir is the environment where a

A

pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies

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5
Q

What is a human reservior?

A

people that carry pathogens, which then can be transfered directly to another person

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6
Q

what is the portal of exit?

A

the route in which the pathogen leaves the host

  • respiratory tract, urine , feces , blood , etc.
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7
Q

What is the portal of entry?

A

the route in which the pathogen enters a susceptible host

  • typically the portal of entry in the susceptible host is the same route as the portable exit in the source host

ex - skin mucous membranes blood etc..

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8
Q

the host physically touches the source of infection defines

A

direct contact

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9
Q

What are examples of direct contact

A

touch of skin, kiss, sexual intercourse

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10
Q

What is the most common method of transmission for pathogens?

A

direct contact

  • physical touch , kiss , sex
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11
Q

the source of infection is transferred through air quickly, in large particles and short distances Defines:

A

droplet spread

  • mumps rubella influenza
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12
Q

the host touches an object that has been infected by the source of infection defines

A

indirect contact

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13
Q

What are examples of droplet spread

A

talking, coughing, sneezing

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14
Q

Indirect happens through 3 ways:

A

airborne, vector-borne, and vehicle- borne transmission

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15
Q

the source of infection is transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles is what type of indirect spread

A

Airborne

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16
Q

Name diseases that are transmitted via airborne

A

Measles, varicella, and tuberculosis

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17
Q

indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a fomite touches a person’s body or is ingested

A

vehicle- borne

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18
Q

Examples of items that make something spread vehicle borne

A

Food, water, blood, fomites

19
Q

Insect or animals is an intermediate host that describes indirect transmission called

A

vector-borne

20
Q

Explain some animals that spread vector-borne

A

Fleas, ticks, mosquitos

21
Q

Where the infectious microorganism is passed is called…and is the final part of the chain of infection

A

susceptible host

  • host needs to have a portal of entry
22
Q

_____ eliminates most pathogenic organisms on medical equipment

pg 27

A

disinfection

ex - alcohol , chlorine etc…

23
Q

_____ completely destroys all organisms and spores

A

sterilization

ex - steam , flash , gas sterilization

24
Q

Medical equipment that makes contact with sterile body tissues/ fluids are considered critical items and need to be

A

sterile to reduce rates of disease transmission

25
Q

After equipment is steralized what should they be

A

wrapped or placed in specific containers

26
Q

What is the most common sterilization used

A

Steam sterilization also called autoclave

27
Q

_______ is any practice that prevents the transfer of microorganisms from one person to another

A

medical aseptic technique

28
Q

Examples of medical aseptic technique

A

hand washing, cleaning the environment, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting articles and surfaces, the use of antiseptics

29
Q

what are the rules of sterile technique?

A
  • sterile field exist at the level of the tabletop and waist level and up / below this level is not sterile
  • no one should lean over the sterile field
  • once the sterile item becomes wet, it is no longer sterile
  • contact between sterile objects and non- sterile objects should be avoided
  • when two sterile people are passing each other, they must pass back-to-back
30
Q

What is the most common type of PPE used?

PPE - personal protective equipment

A

Gloves

31
Q

when should hand washing occur?

A

number one way to prevent nosocomial infection

  • used when hand are soiled
  • working with patient with known and/or known exposure to spores
32
Q

when should be hand sanitizer be used?

A
  • used before touching patients,
  • between sites on patients
33
Q

What is donning?

A

Putting on PPE

  • ex of ppe
    gloves gown masks googles face shield gown
34
Q

what is doffing?

A

taking off PPE

35
Q

what are the steps to donning?

A

first put on gown,

then mask respirator,

then goggles, or face shield,

and lastly gloves

36
Q

What are the steps to doffing?

A

First remove gloves,

then remove goggles or face shield,

then gown,

then lastly the mask

37
Q

T/F you should recap needles?

A

False - you shouldnt

38
Q

What should you do to the patient’s skin before using a needle on a patient

A

Wipe in down with alcohol

39
Q

Healthcare workers should wear gloves and gowns when in contact with the patient or the patient environment -
this is called_____ precaution

A

Contact precaution

40
Q

Healthcare workers should wear a mask before entering the patients room or space- this is called_____ precaution

A

Droplet precaution

41
Q

healthcare workers should wear the proper size N95 mask or high level respirator, placing a mask on the patient will help control the source, HEPA filter or negative air-pressure room is used for patients with tuberculosis, keep patient room door closed

A

Airborne precautions

42
Q

_________ is used for immunosuppressed patients; protects patients from any infectious microorganisms the staff or visitors may have

A

Reverse isolation

43
Q

________ infections are acquired within the health care setting

A

Nosocomial infections

44
Q

What is the most common nosocomial infection reported?

A

Urinary tract infection

patient interaction and management (7 decks)

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