E

Question 1

Earth system model

Answer 1

A computer model of the earths climate system, including some or all of its biotic and abiotic components.

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

A set of organisms and abiotic components that are linked by the process of energy transfer and material cycling.

Question 3

Ecosystem demography

Answer 3

An approach to terrestrial ecosystem modelling that represents the size and age structure of populations by dividing plant functional pops into subclasses.

Question 4

Eco toxicology

Answer 4

Scientific study of the direct effect on ecosystems of xenobiotic chemicals.

Question 5

Ectomychorrhiza

Answer 5

Symbiotic associate between fungi and tree roots in temperate zones, characterised by presence of fungal sheeth. Usually no intra-cellular structures.

Question 6

Emergent properties

Answer 6

Properties that arise of emerge from the operation or behaviour of a system that cannot be inferred from the properties of the system components.

Question 7

Emerging infectious disease

Answer 7

A human disease that has become more common in recent years.

Question 8

Empirical

Answer 8

Based on experiments, observation or experience rather than on theory or pure logic.

Question 9

Empirical model

Answer 9

A model based on data from observation or experience.

Question 10

Endomychorriza

Answer 10

Symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, characterised by the absence of a fungal sheeth, but by the presence of intra-cellular hyphal structures such as vesicles, coils and arbscules.

Question 11

Endophytes

Answer 11

Fungi or plants that live inside other plants, whether parasitically or not.

Question 12

Environmental toxicology

Answer 12

Scientific study of the direct effect on people of xenobiotic chemicals.

Question 13

Epicormic growth

Answer 13

Trees such as cork oak and some Australian eucalypts sprout rapidly after fire because dormant buds protected by bark are stimulated to grow by loss of foliage.

Question 14

Epigaelic

Answer 14

Surface living organisms, such as spiders, ants and centipedes.

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

A population or ecosystem is at equiblium when pop size or components of the ecosystem remain the same from year to year.

Question 16

Equilibrium process

Answer 16

A mechanism of population regulation in which pop size is maintained around an equilibrium by the availability of resources or the actions on competitors and predators.

Question 17

Ericoid mycorrhiza ERM

Answer 17

Endomychorrizas involving plants of the family Ericacease, heathers and bilberries; fungi forms a loose network of hyphae on the root surface and dense fungal complexities in the root cells.

Question 18

Eutrophic

Answer 18

A body of water with high nutrient inputs

Question 19

Eutrophication

Answer 19

Process where water bodies are made more eutrophic from an increase in nutrient supply.

Question 20

Evapotranspiration

Answer 20

The combined rate or transpiration from veg with evaporation from other surfaces, such as open water or damp soil.

Question 21

Excess water

Answer 21

The quantity of precipitation falling over a defined period that is above the potential ET occurring during the same period. The water balance (P-E) is positive.

Question 22

Ectoenzymes

Answer 22

Enzymes that are secreted from cells so they act in substrates external to the plasma membrane.

Question 23

External load

Answer 23

Nutrient inputs to aquatic ecosystems, mainly from groundwater, fluvial and atmosphere sources.

Question 24

Extremophiles

Answer 24

Organisms, commonly microorganisms, that live in extreme environments.