Dysrhythmias

Question 1

What is a dysrhythmia?

Answer 1

Definition: Abnormal electrical activity in the heart causing irregular heartbeats (too fast, too slow, or erratic).
Examples: Tachycardia (fast), bradycardia (slow), atrial fibrillation (irregular).

Question 2

What causes dysrhythmias?

Answer 2

Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., K+, Na+, Ca2+).
Ischaemia (e.g., myocardial infarction).
Structural abnormalities (e.g., fibrosis, scarring).
Drugs (e.g., beta-agonists, digoxin).
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (e.g., overactive vagus nerve).

Question 3

How are dysrhythmias diagnosed and treated?

Answer 3

Diagnosis:
ECG (e.g., P-wave, QRS complex changes).
Holter monitor (long-term monitoring).
Treatment:
Medications (e.g., beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics).
Electrical interventions (e.g., cardioversion, pacemakers).
Lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding stimulants, managing stress).