Cardiovascular system and exercise

Question 1

Whats the normal response to exercise training?

Answer 1

Increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen delivery.
Reduced resting heart rate and improved vascular efficiency.

Question 2

What are the key variables of the heart of exercise ?

Answer 2

Heart Rate (HR): Increases with intensity.
Stroke Volume (SV): Plateaus at moderate intensity.
Cardiac Output (CO): HR × SV

Question 3

What are the cardiac adaptations with training?

Answer 3

Enhanced myocardial contractility, capillary density, and VO₂ max.

Question 4

What are the limitations and adaptations of exercise performance data?

Answer 4

Limitations: VO₂ max, lactate threshold, muscular fatigue.
Adaptations: Improved endurance and efficiency

Question 5

What are the functional declines with ageing ?

Answer 5

Cardiovascular: Reduced maximal HR and arterial compliance.
Respiratory: Decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange efficiency.
Muscular: Sarcopenia and reduced mitochondrial function.

Question 6

describes effect with exercise and healthy ageing

Answer 6

Improves cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and respiratory efficiency.
Reduces risk of chronic diseases and functional decline.