Dyspnea Flashcards
Cardiac abnormalities that lead to an increase in pulmo venous pressure; hydrostatic pressure is increased and fluid exits capillary at faster rate
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Primary protein in plasma; low in currhosis and nephrotic; not enought to cause ibterstitial edema when low
Albumin
Early signs of pulmonary edemA
Exertional dyspnea
Orthopnea
Pulmonary edema dt damage of capillary lining
Noncardio PE
Characterized by inteapulmonary shunt with hypoxemia and decreased pulmo compliance
Nancardio PE
Injury Consequence of mediators that reach lung via bloodstream
Indirect
Distinguish non to cardiogenic PE
cardio: Hypoxemia- can be resolved with oxygen Pleural effusion - common Alveolar infiltrates - perihilar ( non: uniform all over) Heart - cxr enlarged
Dyspnea in the upright position and relieved in supine
What should be considered with this condition?
Platypnea
L atrial myxoma or Hepato-pulmo syndrome
Inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to get deep breath siggests?
Stimulation of the controller or impairment of the ventilatory pump with reduced vital capacity
Evidence of increased work of breathing?
Accesory muscles
Supraclavicular retractions
Tripod position
Indicative of: increased airway resistance or stiff lungs/chestwall
Pulsus paradoxus >10 mmhg suggests?
Copd or acute asthma
In supine, the abdomen has paradoxical movements such as inward motion during inspiration. This suggests?
Diaphragmatic weakness
In lung volumes? High indicates what? Low?
High- obstructive
Low- edema, fibrosis, diaphragm dysfucn, chest wall problem
Unilateral effusions indicative of?
Carcinoma or pulmo embolism
Useful in patients with intermittent sx of asthma but normal lung PE
Bronchoprovocation test
In distinguishing cardio and pulmonary cause you do a cardio exercise, what is the criteria to diagnose that it is Respi dyspnea??
Maximal ventilation
Increase in deadspace or hypoxemia
Bronchospasm
Disease of the chest wall that wealens the ventilatory muscles
Myasthenia
Or
Guillain barde syndrome
Characterized by very stiff left ventricle; severe dyspnea with mild activity; particularly if a/w mitral regurg.
Diastolic dysfunction
Associated with both increased intraCardiac and pulmonary vascular pressures; CO is limited at rest or with exercise; stimulation of metab and chemo receptors contributes as well
Constrictive pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade
Characterized by early development of anaerobic metab and stimulationof chemo and metabreceptors
Deconditionibg (poor fitness)
Breathing discomfort during exercise with normal o2 sat
Mild anemia
Sensory afferents: associated with sensation of increased breathing but does not get a deep breath or unsatisfying
Hyperinflation
May increase the severity of dyspnea by altering ibterpretation of sensory data or by leading to different paterns of breathing
Anxiety
In the following pathophysio what is the descriptor?
Bronchoconstriction and edemA
Airway obstruction,NM disease
Chf and pulmonary embolism
Hyperinflation and restricted tidal volume
Chest tightness
Increased effort of breathing
Air hunger
Cannot get a deep breath
Used to measure dyspbea at rest or exercise or on recall of task
Borg scale
Mechanism doest not include drive to breathe?
Copd
Anemia
Deconditioning
Does not include work of breathing increased as mechanism?
Pvd
Anemia
Deconsitionind
All are mechanism except hypercapnia
Cardio pulmo edema
Nocturnal dyspnea typically suggest?
Chf or asthma
Mi, bronchospasm or pulmo embolism suggests what dyspnea?
Acute intermittent
Copd, interstitial lung disease, thromboembolitis disease
Chronic persistent dyspnea
