Dyspnea

Question 0

Cardiac abnormalities that lead to an increase in pulmo venous pressure; hydrostatic pressure is increased and fluid exits capillary at faster rate

Answer 0

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 1

Primary protein in plasma; low in currhosis and nephrotic; not enought to cause ibterstitial edema when low

Answer 1

Albumin

Question 2

Early signs of pulmonary edemA

Answer 2

Exertional dyspnea

Orthopnea

Question 3

Pulmonary edema dt damage of capillary lining

Answer 3

Noncardio PE

Question 4

Characterized by inteapulmonary shunt with hypoxemia and decreased pulmo compliance

Answer 4

Nancardio PE

Question 5

Injury Consequence of mediators that reach lung via bloodstream

Answer 5

Indirect

Question 6

Distinguish non to cardiogenic PE

Answer 6

cardio:
Hypoxemia- can be resolved with oxygen
Pleural effusion - common
Alveolar infiltrates - perihilar ( non: uniform all over)
Heart - cxr enlarged

Question 7

Dyspnea in the upright position and relieved in supine

What should be considered with this condition?

Answer 7

Platypnea

L atrial myxoma or Hepato-pulmo syndrome

Question 8

Inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to get deep breath siggests?

Answer 8

Stimulation of the controller or impairment of the ventilatory pump with reduced vital capacity

Question 9

Evidence of increased work of breathing?

Answer 9

Accesory muscles
Supraclavicular retractions
Tripod position

Indicative of: increased airway resistance or stiff lungs/chestwall

Question 10

Pulsus paradoxus >10 mmhg suggests?

Answer 10

Copd or acute asthma

Question 11

In supine, the abdomen has paradoxical movements such as inward motion during inspiration. This suggests?

Answer 11

Diaphragmatic weakness

Question 12

In lung volumes? High indicates what? Low?

Answer 12

High- obstructive

Low- edema, fibrosis, diaphragm dysfucn, chest wall problem

Question 13

Unilateral effusions indicative of?

Answer 13

Carcinoma or pulmo embolism

Question 14

Useful in patients with intermittent sx of asthma but normal lung PE

Answer 14

Bronchoprovocation test

Question 15

In distinguishing cardio and pulmonary cause you do a cardio exercise, what is the criteria to diagnose that it is Respi dyspnea??

Answer 15

Maximal ventilation
Increase in deadspace or hypoxemia
Bronchospasm

Question 16

Disease of the chest wall that wealens the ventilatory muscles

Answer 16

Myasthenia
Or
Guillain barde syndrome

Question 17

Characterized by very stiff left ventricle; severe dyspnea with mild activity; particularly if a/w mitral regurg.

Answer 17

Diastolic dysfunction

Question 18

Associated with both increased intraCardiac and pulmonary vascular pressures; CO is limited at rest or with exercise; stimulation of metab and chemo receptors contributes as well

Answer 18

Constrictive pericarditis

Cardiac tamponade

Question 19

Characterized by early development of anaerobic metab and stimulationof chemo and metabreceptors

Answer 19

Deconditionibg (poor fitness)

Question 20

Breathing discomfort during exercise with normal o2 sat

Answer 20

Mild anemia

Question 21

Sensory afferents: associated with sensation of increased breathing but does not get a deep breath or unsatisfying

Answer 21

Hyperinflation

Question 22

May increase the severity of dyspnea by altering ibterpretation of sensory data or by leading to different paterns of breathing

Answer 22

Anxiety

Question 23

In the following pathophysio what is the descriptor?
Bronchoconstriction and edemA

Airway obstruction,NM disease

Chf and pulmonary embolism

Hyperinflation and restricted tidal volume

Answer 23

Chest tightness

Increased effort of breathing

Air hunger

Cannot get a deep breath

Question 24

Used to measure dyspbea at rest or exercise or on recall of task

Answer 24

Borg scale

Question 25

Mechanism doest not include drive to breathe?

Answer 25

Copd
Anemia
Deconditioning

Question 26

Does not include work of breathing increased as mechanism?

Answer 26

Pvd
Anemia
Deconsitionind

Question 27

All are mechanism except hypercapnia

Answer 27

Cardio pulmo edema

Question 28

Nocturnal dyspnea typically suggest?

Answer 28

Chf or asthma

Question 29

Mi, bronchospasm or pulmo embolism suggests what dyspnea?

Answer 29

Acute intermittent

Question 30

Copd, interstitial lung disease, thromboembolitis disease

Answer 30

Chronic persistent dyspnea