4-1 Endocrine

Question 0

Powerful immunosuppresant

Answer 0

Cprtisol

Question 1

Give classic endocrine glands

Answer 1

Potuitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pancreatic islets
Adrenals
 gonads

Question 2

These have profound effects on the functions of potuitary, adrenal, thyroid, and gonads

Answer 2

Cytokines and ILs

Question 3

May manifest findings such as central fat redistribution, striae, proximal muscle weakness, in addition to feats common to general population

Answer 3

Cushings syndrome

Question 4

Mental slowing, fatigue, dry skin and other findings– can be difficult to distinguish

Answer 4

Hypothyroidism

Question 5

Most important dx tool in endo

Answer 5

Immunoassay

Question 6

5major classes of hormones

Answer 6

Amino acid 
Small neuropeptides
Large proteins
Steroid hormones
Vitamin derivatives

Question 7

Give example of large proteins?

Answer 7

Insulin
LH
PTH

Question 8

Examples of small neuropeptides?

Answer 8

GnRH
TRH
Somatostatin
Vasopressin

Question 9

Are heterodimers that have

Answer 9

Glycoprotein hormones

Question 10

Have structural similarities that are most apparent when precursor forms of the protein are compared

Answer 10

Insulin

Igf 1 and 2

Question 11

Another important example of cross talk is seen with________; these have amino acid sequence similarity.

Answer 11

PTH

PTHrP

Question 12

Type 1 nuclear receptors bind what?

Answer 12

Steroids

Question 13

Hormone binding is highly is highly specific for a single type of nuclear receptor; the only exception is?

Answer 13

Glucocortixoid and mineralocortixoid receptors

Question 14

Gluco and minerlocorticoid exemption, This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in?

Answer 14

Ectopic AcTH syndrome

Question 15

This feature of edtrogen receptor makes it susceptible to activation bh rnvironmental estrogens

Answer 15

Can bind to an array of compounds

Question 16

Prohormone of AcTH

Answer 16

POMC

Question 17

Prohormone conversion occurs not only for peptide hormones but also for certain steroids such as

Answer 17

Testos ➡️ dht

T3 ➡️ t4

Question 18

These precursors generate multiple biologically active peptides

Answer 18

POMC

Proglucagon

Question 19

Synthesis of most steroid hormones is based on modifications of the precursor

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

Repressed directly by thyroid hormones acting through thyroid hormone (TR)

Answer 20

Tsh genes

Question 21

For some hormones, substantial regulation occurs at

Answer 21

Level of translational efficiency

Question 22

Stored in secretory granules

Answer 22

Peptide hormones

Question 23

Transports cholesterol into the mitochondrion

Answer 23

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

Question 24

Hormonal signal that is evanescent

Answer 24

Somatostatin

Question 25

Longer lived hormonal signal

Answer 25

TSH

Question 26

Its prolonged half life accounts for relatively constant serum levels even though tsh is secreted in discrete pulses

Answer 26

TSH