dyslipidemias Flashcards
Apo B100
found in VLDL, IDL, LDL
Apo B48
found in chylomicrons
Apo E
found in CM, VLDL, IDL
ApoC-II
CM, VLDL, IDL
Apo A
HDL
which apo-lipoprotein bind LDL receptor
B100, ApoE
which apo-lipoprotein activates LPL?
Apo C-II
which apo-lipoprotein activates LCAT
Apo A-I
where are CM made?
enterocyets
where are VLDL made?
liver
which enzyme: reduces HMG-CoA conversion to mevalonic acid in the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis (mainly liver and intestine).
HMG Coa reductase
which enzyme:hydrolyzes TG core of Chylomicrons, VLDL, and IDL. insulin+, located in capillary walls
lipoprotein lipase
which enzyme: hydrolyzes TAGs in IDL to facilitate conversion to LDL.
hepatic lipase
which enzyme: present on HDL, transfers cholesteryl esters from HDL to other lipoproteins in exchange for TG, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
CETP (cholesterol ester transfer protein)
which enzyme: present on HDL, transfers fatty acids from lecithin to C to form CE in HDL. Keeps C concentration low in the phospholipid monolayer.
LCAT(lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase)-
what is lipoprotein(a)
LDL with an addt’l apolipoprotein tail attached to ApoB
which structure has structural similarity to plasminogen, inhibits conversion to plasmin & can result in an increased inflammatory state?
LP (a)
which pathway of HDL–>liver involves SR-B1 receptor on liver?
direct pathway
which pathway of HFL–>liver involves the CETP?
indirect pathway
WHAT TRANSPORTS CHOLESTEROL AND TG IN THE BLOOD?
LIPOPROTEIN FAMILES (CM, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL)
WHAT ARE LIPOPROTEINS COMPOSED OF?
LIPID CORE SURROUNDED BY PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYER
rhabdomyolysis is especially indicated with what drug?
gemfibrozil + statins
what is statin triggered autoimmune myopathy?
AUTOANTIBODY TO HMG-COA REDUCTASE
tx with immunosuppressives
what non-statin works by: Liver increases LDL receptors, & may increase TG
bile acid sequestrants
Cholestyramine, Colestipol
bile acid sequestrants
when is the use of bile acid sequestrants contraindicated?
high TG levels (>400)
name that drug: RAISES HDL, MAY REDUCE Lpa
Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
AE: flushing, hyperglyc, hyperuricemia, upper GI distress, liver toxicity
Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
name that drug: PRIMARILY FOR HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA, LOWER TG’S 20 TO 50%
fibric acids
which drug is assc’d with gallstones?
fibric acid
name that drug: IMPAIRS DIETARY AND BILIARY CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION,
ezetimibe
DM can result in very high _____
TG
if person presents with very high LDL, need to r/o what?
hypothyroidism
name that drug: Regulates expression of LDL RECEPTORS, Chaperone molecule, MONOCLONAL AB, prevent LDL receptors from break down
PCSK9 inhibitors
