cardiac cycle Flashcards
central venous pressure is regulated by what?
- ability of heart to pump blood out of RA
2. tendency of blood to flow from periphery to RA
what is the central venous pressure?
right atrial pressure
what are conditions that increase central venous pressure?
- heart failure
- tricuspid valve disorders
- pulmonary arterial HTN
jugular venous pressure waveform: A wave
atrial systole
jugular venous pressure waveform: X descent (1st part)
fall in RA pressure after a wave peak
jugular venous pressure waveform: C wave
ventricular contraction
jugular venous pressure waveform: X’ descent (2nd part)
atrial relaxation
jugular venous pressure waveform: V wave
venous filling of RA
jugular venous pressure waveform: Y descent
rapid ventricular filling; RA emptying
jugular venous pressure waveform: H wave
continued filling of RA during diastole
what is the dominant motion (most readily observed) of the the normal JVP?
X-X’ descent
what does jugular venous pulsation tell you?
- pressure in rght heart
- signs of congestion
- signs of abnormal RA pressure
- hydration status
severe tricuspid valve regurg will show what jugular venous pulsation?
CV wave
which heart sounds is the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve?
S1
which heart sound is the closure of he aortic and pulmonic valve
S2
what is the common cause of widened splitting of S2?
- RBBB
- pulmonic stenosis
- COPD
what is the common cause of fixed splitting of S2?
atrial septal defect
what is the common cause of paradoxical splitting of S2?
- LBBB
2. advanced aortic stenosis
in mitral valve stenosis, what can you hear?
the opening snap
why is S3 produced?
by the tension of the chordae tendinae during rapid filling
causes of S3?
- young ppl: thin chest wall, supply ventricle
2. old ppl: volume overload or advanced regurgitation
when does S4 happen?
produced when trying to fill a stiff ventricle
causes of S4?
- low compliance
- hypertrophy
- acute MI
where to listen for ejection type murmur?
Aortic area, pulmonic area
where to listen for pansystolic murmur?
tricuspid area, mitral area
where to listen for mid-to-late diastolic murmur?
tricuspid area
where to listen for early diastolic murmur?
left sternal border
if a systolic murmur is heard late b/w S1 & S2?
severe aortic stenosis
common in patients with R heart failure, high pitched and blowing, heard best at the apex, holo-systolic murmur of constant intensity
mitral regurgitation
diastolic decrescendo murmur, heard in 3rd/4th left ICS, high pitched and blowing
aortic regurgitation
