CHF Flashcards
inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
heart failure
defective myocardial contraction
myocardial failur
a condition in which an abnormality of some circulatory component (heart, vessels, blood volume, etc) is responsible for inadequate cardiac output
circulatory failure
heart failure prevalence increases with?
age (5th-6th decades)
neurohumoral model: increased HR & contractility
beta 1 stimualtion
neurohumoral model: mild incr. inotropism, peripheral vasoconstriction
alpha 1 stimulation
is angiotensin 1 or 2 toxic to organs?
angiotensin 2
what happens to LVEDV with LV remodelling?
rises as myocardial wall tension increases
true “congestive heart failure” owing to central venous congestion
left sided heart failure
which type of heart failure results in systemic congestion?
RV failure
which type of heart failure results in central venous congestion?
left heart failure
is systolic or diastolic failure more common?
systolic heart failure
attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
shortness of breath (dyspnea) which occurs when lying flat
orthopnea
60 seconds of pressure on dome of liver; jugular venous pulses rise in the neck
hepatojugular reflux
most ppl who have heart failure die of what (2)?
- pump failure 2. tachyarrhythmias
which stage? high risk for HF; no structural heart disease or symptoms (yet)
stage a
which stage? structural ds (e.g. LVH) but no sx
stage b
which stage? structural ds. (e.g. MI) with sx (e.g. SOB), largest HF group
stage c
which stage? refractory HF
stage d
what stage do most ppl with HF fall into?
stage c
how to tx stage A pts?
risk factor reduction, ACEi or ARBs in some
how to tx stage B pts?
ACEi or ARBs in all, BB in some
how to tx stage C pts?
ACEi + BB in all
how to tx stage C pts?
inotropes, VAD, transplantation
what sort of water intake should patients with CHF have?
should just drink when thirsty - do not drink 8-12 glasses of water/day
what are the agents of choice for HF?
ACEi
which beta blocker is approved for HF?
carvedilol
