Dyslexia/Dysgraphia Flashcards
What is the direct access route of word reading?
visual patterns of a word activate the mental lexicon
used to read irregular words
aka the lexical route
What is the indirect route of word reading?
grapheme-phoneme correspondence
phonemes activate the mental lexicon
used for reading non-words
aka the sub-lexical route
What is the dual route model?
both the indirect and direct routes are taken, the faster of the two wins
What is acquired dyslexia?
damage to the head causes previously in tact word reading to be disrupted
What is surface dyslexia?
impaired ability to read irregular words
frequent regularisations
direct access is lost
What is phonological dyslexia?
inability to read non-words
frequent lexicalisations
grapheme-phoneme correspondence impaired
What is non-semantic dyslexia?
the mental lexicon is activated for pronunciation but not for semantics
can read fluently but no understanding of what has been said
What is deep dyslexia?
good comprehension of concrete and imageable words
slightly impaired direct access, fully impaired indirect access
poor comprehension of abstract and grammatical words
large number of paralexias
What is a paralexia?
substituting a word for a semantically related one
What is a lexicalisation?
substituting a non word for a real word
What is a regularisation?
pronouncing an irregular word phonologically
What is a shallow alphabet system?
one in which the graphemes correspond directly to the phonemes
What is a deep alphabet system?
less direct grapheme-phoneme correspondence
readers must learn irregular words
problematic for surface dyslexia
What is acquired dysgraphia?
people who have previously in tact writing skills lose them as a result of brain damage
What is motor dysgraphia?
oral spelling is in tact but writing is impaired, illegible
