Dysgraphia Flashcards
What are the two routes in the dual model of writing?
- LEXICAL ROUTE: Phonological input lexicon > semantics > orthographic output lexicon > grapheme buffer
- PHONOLOGICAL:
Sound to letter conversion > grapheme buffer
Spelling Tomb as Toom is a type of _________ error
Regularization/phonologically plausible
Spelling Said as Siad is a type of _________ error
Not phonologically plausible
Give example of morphological error
Spelling Naigation as Navigator
What is a semantic error example?
Apple for banana
What is the KEY feature of phonological dysgraphia?
lexicality effect (rely on lexical route)
Real Words are ____ (better/worse) than nonwords in phonological dysgraphia?
Better
True or false there is imageability effect in phonological dysgraphia?
True (concrete better than abstract)
True or false there are word class effects in phonological dysgraphia?
True (content better than function)
What errors are you likely to see in phonological dysgraphia? (3 types)
nonphonologically plausible but orthographically similar (i.e. wallet > wadder)
- morphological errors (walks > walking)
- lexicalizations of non-words (snope > slope)
True or false - real word spelling is impaired in deep dysgraphia?
FALSE - Non-word spelling is impaired
Lexicality, concreteness and word class effects in Deep dysgraphia
- Better Words vs. nonwords
- Better Concrete vs.abstract
- Better Content vs. function words
What type of errors do we see in Deep dysgraphia?
Semantic Errors in spelling/writing (see apple, write banana)
Which route is impaired in Phonological and Deep Dysphasia?
Sound to letter conversion route (BUT in Deep there is also something with semantics - Either Impaired Activation from semantic to orthographic lexicon or degradation of semantic store itself)
What are the 2 key features of surface dysgraphia?
1) phonologically plausible errors
2) Regularity effect (regular better than irregular)
In which type of dysgraphia are you likely to see regularization errors?
Surface dysgraphia?
Which route is damaged in Surface dysgraphia?
Semantic/Lexical Route
LIst 5 features of Grapheme Buffer Disorder
rapid decay of info no lexical effects word length effects serial position effects No lang. effects (class/regularity)
Not phonol. Plausible
Substitutions, insertions, omissions, transpositions and mixed errors are most likely in which type of dysgraphia
Grapheme Buffer Disorder
If there are case errors in writing but oral spelling is preserved there is an impairment at the ______ level.
Allographic
Describe Apraxic Dysgraphia
Difficulty with correct strokes/ letter formation due to trouble with the mvmt planning (Speed, force, curve)
Which dysgraphia is associated with limp apraxia and Left hemisphere lesions
Apraxic Dysgraphia
Oral spelling and typing are _______ in apraxic dysgraphia
SPARED
What 4 types of errors are likely in Spatial Dysgraphia
> Letter Omissions
Letter Additions
Stroke Omissions
Stroke additions
What are 4 types of errors observed in allographic level impairment?
-Letter substitutions
-Not phonologically plausible
- Case mixing errors
Can differentially affect UPPER or lower case
Right parietal lesions
and/or attentional problems can cause which type of dysgraphia?
Spatial
List the central (linguistic) dysgraphias
Phonological, deep, surface, grapheme buffer disorder
List the peripheral dysgraphias
Allographic level impairment, apraxic dysgraphia, spatial dysgraphia
