Dysgraphia

Question 1

What are the two routes in the dual model of writing?

Answer 1

1. LEXICAL ROUTE: Phonological input lexicon > semantics > orthographic output lexicon > grapheme buffer
2. PHONOLOGICAL:
   Sound to letter conversion > grapheme buffer

Question 2

Spelling Tomb as Toom is a type of _________ error

Answer 2

Regularization/phonologically plausible

Question 3

Spelling Said as Siad is a type of _________ error

Answer 3

Not phonologically plausible

Question 4

Give example of morphological error

Answer 4

Spelling Naigation as Navigator

Question 5

What is a semantic error example?

Answer 5

Apple for banana

Question 6

What is the KEY feature of phonological dysgraphia?

Answer 6

lexicality effect (rely on lexical route)

Question 7

Real Words are ____ (better/worse) than nonwords in phonological dysgraphia?

Answer 7

Better

Question 8

True or false there is imageability effect in phonological dysgraphia?

Answer 8

True (concrete better than abstract)

Question 9

True or false there are word class effects in phonological dysgraphia?

Answer 9

True (content better than function)

Question 10

What errors are you likely to see in phonological dysgraphia? (3 types)

Answer 10

nonphonologically plausible but orthographically similar (i.e. wallet > wadder)

• morphological errors (walks > walking)
• lexicalizations of non-words (snope > slope)

Question 11

True or false - real word spelling is impaired in deep dysgraphia?

Answer 11

FALSE - Non-word spelling is impaired

Question 12

Lexicality, concreteness and word class effects in Deep dysgraphia

Answer 12

• Better Words vs. nonwords
• Better Concrete vs.abstract
• Better Content vs. function words

Question 13

What type of errors do we see in Deep dysgraphia?

Answer 13

Semantic Errors in spelling/writing (see apple, write banana)

Question 14

Which route is impaired in Phonological and Deep Dysphasia?

Answer 14

Sound to letter conversion route (BUT in Deep there is also something with semantics - Either Impaired Activation from semantic to orthographic lexicon or degradation of semantic store itself)

Question 15

What are the 2 key features of surface dysgraphia?

Answer 15

1) phonologically plausible errors

2) Regularity effect (regular better than irregular)

Question 16

In which type of dysgraphia are you likely to see regularization errors?

Answer 16

Surface dysgraphia?

Question 17

Which route is damaged in Surface dysgraphia?

Answer 17

Semantic/Lexical Route

Question 18

LIst 5 features of Grapheme Buffer Disorder

Answer 18

 rapid decay of info
 no lexical effects
 word length effects
 serial position effects
No lang. effects (class/regularity)

Question 19

Not phonol. Plausible

Substitutions, insertions, omissions, transpositions and mixed errors are most likely in which type of dysgraphia

Answer 19

Grapheme Buffer Disorder

Question 20

If there are case errors in writing but oral spelling is preserved there is an impairment at the ______ level.

Answer 20

Allographic

Question 21

Describe Apraxic Dysgraphia

Answer 21

Difficulty with correct strokes/ letter formation due to trouble with the mvmt planning (Speed, force, curve)

Question 22

Which dysgraphia is associated with limp apraxia and Left hemisphere lesions

Answer 22

Apraxic Dysgraphia

Question 23

Oral spelling and typing are _______ in apraxic dysgraphia

Answer 23

SPARED

Question 24

What 4 types of errors are likely in Spatial Dysgraphia

Answer 24

> Letter Omissions
Letter Additions
Stroke Omissions
Stroke additions

Question 25

What are 4 types of errors observed in allographic level impairment?

Answer 25

-Letter substitutions
-Not phonologically plausible
- Case mixing errors
Can differentially affect UPPER or lower case

Question 26

Right parietal lesions

and/or attentional problems can cause which type of dysgraphia?

Answer 26

Spatial

Question 27

List the central (linguistic) dysgraphias

Answer 27

Phonological, deep, surface, grapheme buffer disorder

Question 28

List the peripheral dysgraphias

Answer 28

Allographic level impairment, apraxic dysgraphia, spatial dysgraphia