Classification of Aphasia Flashcards
What is Anomia?
word finding difficulties
Define Paraphasias
substitution of word with alternatives
What are two subtypes of paraphasias
Lexical (word), sublexical (nonword)
Within Lexical paraphasias what are the 4 subtypes
If Target is Cat Semantic: meaning related (e.g. dog) Phonemic: sound-related (e.g. car) Mixed: meaning and sound (e.g. rat) Unrelated (e.g. pink)
Within Sub-Lexical paraphasias what are the 2 subtypes
e.g. if target = ‘mother’
Phonemic: non-word related in sound (e.g. ‘mofster’
Neologistic: non-word
missing functional words and grammatical morphemes in speech; characterized by nouns and main verbs is termed?
agrammatism
What is Paragrammatism
errors made in use of some grammatical/functional words in speech
what is jargon
intact syntax but lack of content or meaningful sentences
What do we call it when a client is using one word to represent many concepts; more typical in severe aphasia in which client only has one word or phrase
Verbal Stereotypes
weakness of speech muscles resulting in underarticulation and difficulties with co-articulationis termed?
Dysarthria
Define apraxia
difficulty sequencing and programming speech; often comorbid with aphasia
Define Agnosia
difficulty recognizing stimuli – not a perceptual challenge as but a lack of interpretation of stimuli
What is the Classical school (syndrome) approach of classifying aphasias
basis in anatomy; classified by brain regions and its language correlates
What is the linguistic view of classifying aphasias
“boxes and arrows” approach
What is the social view of classifying aphasias
viewing person as whole and determining how disability affects their social function
What are 3 assumptions made by the Wernicke and Lichtheim model (classical subtypes)
1) syndrome of disproportionality - (Some abilities preserved, while others are impaired)
2) affected brain region associated with symptomatology
3) area of lesion will determine strengths/weaknesses
What are typical symptoms associated with frontal lesions
speech production impaired, auditory comprehension relatively spared
What are typical symptoms associated with Temporal lesions
auditory comprehension impaired: speech production relatively spared
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms:
Fluency: Spared (Fluent syntax but high incidence of jargon, parapahsias and paragrammatism)
Naming: Impaired
Comp: POOR (oral and reading)
Repetition: Varies
Wernicke’s
Where is site of lesion in Wernicke’s
Posterior temporal lobe lesions
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms:
Fluency: Non-fluent (Agrammatic, single words)
Naming: Impaired
Comp: Auditory = Spared (better with simple than complex sentences)
Reading = mildly impaired
Repetition: POOR
Broca’s
Where is site of lesion in Broca’s Aphasia
Inferior frontal lobe (Broca’s area)
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms: Fluency: Fluent Naming: IMPAIRED Comp: Mild impairment Repetition: mild impairment
Anomia
Where is site of lesion in Anomic aphaisa
Inferior parietal lobe /
Connection between parietal and temporal lobes
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms: Fluency: Non-Fluent Naming: Impaired Comp: Mild impairment Repetition: Good
Transcortical Motor
Where is site of lesion in Transcortical motor
White matter tracks deep to Broca’s area
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms: Fluency: Non-Fluent Naming: SEVERE impairment Comp: Poor Repetition: Poor
Global
Where is site of lesion in Global aphasia
perisylvian association cortex
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms: Fluency: Fluent Naming: Impaired Comp: Poor Repetition: Good
Transcortical Sensory
Where is site of lesion in Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
White matter tracts connecting parietal lobe to temporal lobe
Which type of Aphasia is associated with this list of symptoms: Fluency: Fluent Naming: Impaired Comp: Mildly impaired Repetition: Poor
Conduction Aphasia
Where is site of lesion in Conduction aphasia
Arcuate fasiculus (connection b/w Broca’s and Wernicke’s)
Which type of Non-fluent Aphasia has severely impaired audio comprehension and is similar to Global Aphasia but less severe?
Mixed Non-fluent
aka isolation aphasia
Where is site of lesion in Mixed non-fluent aphasia
- result of damage that isolates the language areas (Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and the arcuate fasciculus) from other brain regions
- These areas are left in tact, just isolated
Which type of aphasia has fluent speech with semantic paraphasias and neologisms (made up words) • good comprehension • Spared of repetition • word retrieval difficulties (category specific)
Thalamic
Where is the lesion in Thalamic Aphasia
Thalamus
Which type of Aphasia has slow + poorly articulated speech like Broca’s, but unlike Broca’s has in-tact grammatical form?
Anterior Subcortical
Which type of subcortical Aphasia is considered similar to Wernicke’s?
Posterior Subcortical
