Dyschezia, Tenesmus and Constipation Flashcards
what is dyschezia
Difficult or painful defaecation +/- blood
List 6 possible causes of Dyschezia
Colonic impaction- bones/tumour
Perineal hernia and rectal diverticulum
Rectal stricture
Anal neoplasia
Severe prostatomegaly
Obstipation
List 5 possible causes of tenesmus
Colitis
Bone ingestion
Rectal/anal tumours
Post operatively following perineal surgery
Prostatomegaly
List 3 possible causes of constipation
A lot have tenesmus and dyschezia however
* Eat bones
* Pelvic fractures
* Rectal /Anal tumours
describe what to look at in clinical exam with case of constipation
nose to tail exam
assess abdomen- for any gas or faecal excess-colon
check temp
RECTAL exam- cats likely require seadtion/ GA
why should you do urinialysis in a constipated cat
some owners assume constipation when the animal is actually straining to urinate- esp cats
what is the only true cause of constipation in cats
feline idiopatic megacolon
describe history seen with feline idiopathic megacolon
straining to past motions
often overweight cats- with lazy lifestyle
feel huge colon on abdo palpation
how big is mega colon on radiograph
1.5 x length of 7th lumbar vertebra
describe how to treat feline idiopathic megacolon
Laxatives, enemas, high fibre feed- will reoccur within weeks-months
How to fix = subtotal colectomy
what can tenesmus lead to
rectal prolapse
List 5 clinical signs of colitis
Tenesmus
Soft stools
Mucus in stool
Fresh blood
Generally well animals
If there is mucus in the stool, what organ is responsible
colon
when irritated over produces mucus
How is colitis treated
Metronidazole
Suphasalazine
High fibre
Steroids
T/F constipation is rare in dogs
True
What contrast can be used to asses GI motility
barium enema (per rectum)
Do you need to carry out an enema before a colonscopy
Yes
If you suspect a small intestine issue, what parameters on blood work will you focus on?
Cobalamin
Folate
TLI
If an enema has been used or bone material has been passed, what type of diet would you use?
Low residue diets (gives bowel rest as little wastage)
What anal/rectal surgery can improve passage of faeces?
Perineal herniorrhaphy
Anal sacculectomy
Subtotal colectomy
Rectal pull through
Are antibiotics used for a subtotal colectomy
Yes
Metronidazole
Cephalosporin
Why are large colons a struggle to operate on
Prolonged lag phase of healing
Put under high intraluminal pressure which increases the risk of dehiscence
High risk of infection due to bacterial content
