Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

10- SA- Abdominal, Oral and Rectal Disease > Anal and rectal conditions > Flashcards

Anal and rectal conditions Flashcards

1
Q

where are anal sacs in dogs

A

Located at 4 and 8 o’clock in between external and internal anal sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why does anal gland abscessation or impaction happen

A

Due to a change in consistency of secretion or interference with normal duct emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most common sign of anal gland disease

A

perineal irritation ‘scooting’, licking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What should you do if you see blood tinged material/ pus in anal gland secretions after expressing

A

lavage and pack with local antibiotic
- cow mastitis tubes/ear drops normally under GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 2 indications of anal sacculectomy

A

Recurrent impaction
Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 5 complications of anal sacculectomy

A

draining sinus (some gland left)
infection
dehiscence
tenesmus
faecal incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are Anal furunculosis

A

Suppurative, progressive, deep ulcerating tracts in the perianal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

predisposition of anal furunculosis

A

GSD
low tail carriage and increased density of apocrine glands in the perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Desribe how to treat anal furunculosis

A

Cyclosporin (“Atopica”) for 12 weeks- very expensive

hypoallergenic diet and immunosuppressive doses of preds can help in mild cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do Perianal sebaceous gland adenoma tend to occur

A

Hairless area of anal ring most common location, can see at tail base, prepuce and ventrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which animals are most prone to Perianal sebaceous gland adenoma

A

male dogs - entire
older patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of a perianal adenoma

A

benign
testosterone driven, slow growing and resolve with castration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do you need to differentiate Perianal sebaceous gland adenoma from

A

anal adenocarcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the surgical management of anal adenocarcinomas

A

Aggressive surgical removal + adjunctive radiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which animals tend to get anal sac adenocarcinoma

A

Generally older female dogs (over 10 yr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe a anal sac adenocarcinoma

A

tumour secretes PTH- like substance and causes a paraneoplastic syndrome

this causes hypercalcaemia- causes PU/PD, depression, weakness, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe how to treat anal sac adenocarcinoma

A
  • Treat hypercalaemia prior to surgery
    • Treatment
      ○ excision of primary mass
      ○ Metastectomy
      adjunctive chemotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which animals do perineal ruptures tend to happen

A

normally entire older male dog

19
Q

describe how to treat perineal rupture

A

empty bladder first
IVFT
herniorrhaphy

20
Q

what is rectal prolapse associated with

A

Associated with endoparasites/enteritis in young animals and tumours or perineal hernias in middle aged/older animals

21
Q

describe a incomplete rectal prolapse

A

mucosa only prolapsed

22
Q

describe a complete rectal prolapse

A

all layers of rectal wall in entire circumference

23
Q

describe how to treat rectal prolapse - acute presentation

A

lavage
lubricate
reduce and place purse string suture

24
Q

describe how to treat rectal prolapse - Non-reducible or severely traumatised

A

amputation

25
Q

describe how to treat rectal prolapse- recurrent

A

colopexy

26
Q

what does rectal stricture normally occur secondary to

A

proctatitis
chronic anal sacculitis
penetrating FB’s
as complication of anorectal sx

27
Q

List the clinical signs of rectal stricture

A

dyschezia
constipation
tenesnus

28
Q

describe how to treat a rectal stricture

A

superficial strictures can be stretched
corticosteroids can help
extensive strictures may need resection

29
Q

clinical sign of rectal polyp

A

blood/mucus in faeces
tenesmus
polyp prolapsing - sometimes
rectal prolapse- secondary

30
Q

describe how to treat rectal polyps

A

small= electrocautery or excision and suture placement
Larger= intestinal resection

31
Q

list the clinical signs of rectal adenocarcinomas

A

tenesmus, dyschezia, weight loss and lethargy with advanced malignancy

32
Q

what is atresia ani

A

congenital
failure of development of the anus

33
Q

describe how to treat Atresia ani

A

involves creation of an anus by excision of skin and terminal rectal mucosa and careful suturing

34
Q

what are some general considerations we should be thinking about prior to doing surgery in the anal area?

A

infection risk
haemorrhage
faecal incontinence risk

35
Q

why are we especially worried about the infection risk in anal/rectal surgery?

A

area contains lots of faeces + bacteria (mixed population, esp anaerobes)

36
Q

why is haemorrhage a worry with anal surgery

A

very vascular site

37
Q

how might we end up with faecal incontinence following anal surgery

A

disrrupting the external anal sphincter muscles (either by excision or damage to nerve supply)

38
Q

what should you do if you need to do a anal sac removal but the patient has recently had a ruptured anal abscess

A

delay surgery (let abscess settle down first)

39
Q

how can we differentiate between perianal adenoma and adenocarcinoma

A

biopsy
testosterone dependent benign masses

40
Q

what is the treatment for perianal adenomas

A

castration (and should shrink)
Surgical removal if ulcerated (best to remove as dog may traumatise them more)

41
Q

what are rectal adenocarcinomas

A

aggressive rectal tumours
infiltrative, ulcerative, proliferative
invades rectal wall -> fibrosis and stricture

42
Q

what are the 3 possible sites for rectal adenocarcnimas

A

colorectal junction and cranial 1/3 of rectum
middle 1/3 of rectum
caudal 1/3 of rectum and anal canal

43
Q

describe the treatment for rectal adenocarcinomas

A

surgery options:
- colorectal resection and anastomosis
- dorsal perineal approach
- rectal pull-through (if in caudal 1/3 of rectum/anal canal)

10- SA- Abdominal, Oral and Rectal Disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions