Dysbiosis and Microbiome

Question 1

microbiotia

Answer 1

• living organisms livining in an environment (gut/skin)
• it is the hidden organ that contains 150x more genetic infromation than the human genome

Question 2

microbiome

Answer 2

• the genetic material of all organisms living in an environment
• it not only contains the community but also the environmental conditions, metabolites and structural elements

Question 3

what does a healthy microbiota consitute

Answer 3

• high taxonomy diversity
• stable core
• high microbial gene richness

Question 4

colonization resistance

Answer 4

large community of symbiotic/ pathogenic microbiome which inhabit the gut, skin, and mucosal passages that is resistant to external pathogens

Question 5

gut microbiota

Answer 5

• bacteriodes in the large intestines that are responsible fro sugar extraction
• bacteriocins which are protein toxins produced by bacteria which kill competing bacteria (closely related strains)= they are non living
• deploy bacteriophages which are viruses that replicate in and infect bacteria leading to bacterial cell destruction and they are living

Question 6

vaginal microbiota

Answer 6

• lactobacili which produce lactic acid and bacteriocins
• protects against STI

Question 6

6 common factors contributing to gut-brain activity

Answer 6

firstly this essentially means that one activates the other and vice versa

• genetics and epigenetic
• exercise
• stress
• environment
• diet
• drugs

Question 7

dysbiosis and disease

Answer 7

• imbalance of microbiota population from healthy to unhealty/ pathogenic bacteria
• it leads to chronic inflammation and immune alteration
• leads to a broader impact on general health and other diseases

Question 7

health to disease

Answer 7

• interplay between bacteria and the immune system
• disruption of the balance between bacterial population and antimicrobial peptides
• bacteria penetrate and DISRUPT the mucosa
• increase in LPS and inflammatory markers
• chronic inflammation

Question 8

Faecal microbiota transfer

Answer 8

transfer of faecal matter from a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of recipient to restore health gut microbiota.

• common in clostrodium dificille infection and has 90% cure rates and FDA approved